Notes: These authors investigated the relationship between calorie restriction and INDY expression on lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster. They showed that calorie restriction downregulates INDY expression in normal flies. INDY mutants on a normal diet had increased lifespan that was not extended further by calorie restriction. The INDY long-lived flies also shared several phenotypic characteristics with normal flies on a calorie-restricted diet. The authors then demonstrated that the phenotypic effects of the INDY mutation were not caused by reduced ability to intake food. The results show that INDY and calorie restriction interact to extend lifespan, and that decreased INDY expression induces a calorie-restriction-like status. During the study, the Maxwell 16 Tissue DNA Purification System was used to isolate DNA from Drosophila. The DNA was used in PCR analyses to confirm the absence of Wolbachia DNA in the experimental lines. (4001)