Notes: The significant loss of estrogen in women after menopause has been linked to increased incidence of Alzheimer’s disease. Here, the protective effect of β-ecdysterone (β-Ecd) on SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis in relation to Alzheimer’s disease is investigated. NF-κB and estrogen receptor activation was monitored in the presence of β-Ecd in Aβ-stress conditions using the Dual-Glo® Luciferase Assay System. Caspase activation was measured as a proxy for cell stress and apoptosis. Together, SH-SY5Y cell treatment with β-Ecd showed a protective effect, making β-Ecd a promising therapeutic candidate. (5169)

Notes: In this paper, the authors describe the development of an assay to monitor apoptosis using a novel bioluminescent method to detect annexin V binding to phosphatidylserine (PS) along with fluorescent detection of compromised membrane integrity. Assay development, characterization and benchmarking against established methods is demonstrated. (5180)

Notes: The cytotoxic and negative health effects of E-cigarettes have been minimally explored. This study utilized the ROS-Glo™ and Caspase-Glo® 3/7 Assays to monitor both oxidative stress and caspase activation in an in vitro multicellular model of human airways. (5156)

Notes: 3D spheroid cultures were used to compare the anti-cancer cell effects between conventional chemotherapeutic drugs and selected multi-kinase inhibitors. Caspase-Glo® 3/7 Assay was used to study cell death. (4996) (4996)

Notes: The role of mechanical properties of cell culture conditions in diabetes-linked cardiac dysfunction was evaluated. ATP levels were measured using the CellTiter-Glo® Luminescence Cell Viability Assay and a GloMax® instrument. Caspase activation and glucose uptake were determined with the Caspase-Glo® 3/7 and Glucose Uptake-Glo™ Assays. Cell growth environments closely matching the stiffness of cardiac muscle led to increased glucose susceptibility. (5167)

Notes: These authors used the Caspase-Glo® 3/7 and CellTiter-Glo® Assays in studies to determine the cytotoxicity of  34 small molecule kinase inhibitors in primary rat and human hepatocytes. (5009)

Notes: The effects of hydrogen sulfide on inflammasome activation were investigated. Lactate dehydrogenase levels and caspase activation were monitored using the CytoTox-ONE™ and Caspase-Glo® assays. Hydrogen sulfide was shown to decrease caspase activation and inflammasome activity both in vitro and in vivo. (5147)

Notes: These authors studied the role of the antioxidant transcription factor nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) in adaptation to inflammatory/environmental stress in malignant colonic epithelial cells. They used the Dual-Glo® Luciferase Assay and pGL3-Basic Vector in reporter assays, and the CellTiter® 96, Caspase-Glo® 3/7 and Glucose Uptake-Glo™ Assays to investigate Nrf2 effects on cell viability and metabolism. They found that Nrf2 has an impact on the metabolism in premalignant colonic epithelial cells exposed to inflammatory M1 macrophages, an effect accompanied by growth and survival alterations.  (5014)

Notes: These authors investigated silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiNPs) as a potential cancer treatment and identified the mechanism mediating cancer cell death. The Caspase-Glo® 3/7, Caspase-Glo® 9, CellTiter-Glo® luminescent cell-viability, ROS-Glo™, and Caspase-Glo® 1 assays were used to monitor cellular response to SiNPs. Together, SiNPs were identified to activate the intrinsic apoptosis pathway and lead to cell death.

  (5165)

Notes: Researchers evaluated the treatment of hybridomas with macrophage-conditioned medium using the CytoTox-Glo™ Assay to monitor cell cytotoxicity and the Caspase-Glo^® 3/7 Assay to monitor caspase activation. (5032)

Notes: Researchers evaluated the impact of inhibiting autophagy on cells in vitro using cell viability, cytotoxicity and caspase activity assays. (5033)

Notes: DUX4 is dysregulated in Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) leading to cellular apoptosis and disease. The genes and pathways involved in DUX4-mediated apoptosis are uncharacterized. Here, an siRNA screen to identify involved components is performed, and cell survival was measured using CellTiter-Glo. A counter screen to identify false positives which inhibited DUX4 induction by doxycycline was done using the ONE-Glo EX Luciferase Assay System. (5135)

Notes: In this study, the viability of islet cell populations was evaluated using the CellTiter® 96 AQueous ONE Solution, and apoptosis levels assessed using the Caspase-Glo® 3/7 Assay. (5046)

Notes: These authors investigated whether localized bacterial infection could be used to help stimulate an immune response and render prostate tumors susceptible to immune checkpoint inhibitors. They showed that an E.coli strain (CP-1) isolated from a prostate infection colonized prostate tumors and enhanced immune checkpoint inhibition. The Caspase-Glo® 3/7 Assay, CellTiter® AQueous ONE Solution and the CytoTox® 96 Assay were used to assess apoptosis, cell viability and cytotoxicity, respectively.  (5047)

Notes: These authors investigated the mechanism of action of the synthesized resveratrol analogue, (E)-N-(2-(4-methoxystyryl) phenyl) furan-2-carboxamide (CS) on colorectal cancer cells. They report that CS exerts a potent suppressive effect on HCT116 colorectal cancer cells, but not on normal colon cells. CS caused apoptosis via activation of an extrinsic pathway leading to caspase activation and cell cycle arrest from activated p53. The Caspase-Glo® 3/7, 8 and 9 Assays were used to detect caspase activation. (5045)

Notes: Sorafenib is a small-molecule inhibitor that inhibits multiple kinases in vitro, These authors investigated the antitumoral effect of combining sorafenib with the alkylating agent cyclophosphamide in a breast cancer model (orthotopic 4T1-12B cells). They used the Caspase-Glo® 3/7 and CellTiter-Glo® Assays to assess apoptosis and cell viability, respectively. (5048)

Notes: The role of the carcinogen Ochratoxin A in cellular inflammation was examined. HEK293 cells were treated with Ochratoxin A and cellular inflammatory markers were monitored. ATP levels and caspase activation were analyzed using the CellTiter Glo® and Caspase-Glo® assays. (5155)

Notes: A novel target of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was identified using the Caspase-Glo® -1, Caspase-Glo® 3/7, and Caspase-Glo® 9 assays. The authors observed that an inhibition of caspase activity lead to decreased cell death and inflammation. The CellTiter-Fluor™ and CellTiter-Glo®  assays were using to monitor cell viability. (5163)

Notes: Chagas disease is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and can lead to Chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy (CCC). The ability of N,N-dimethylsphingosine (DMS) to decrease inflammation and function as a therapeutic for CCC was determined. As part of this study, Caspase-Glo® assays were used to detect inflammatory (caspase 1 and 8), or apoptotic (caspase 9 and 3/7) activities. (5166)

Notes: These authors investigated how autophagy controls haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function, and how changes in autophagy levels affect HSC ageing. They showed that loss of autophagy in HSCs causes accumulation of mitochondria and an activated metabolic state. They used the Caspase-Glo® and CellTiter-Glo Assays to detect apoptosis and ATP, respectively, and used the Glucose Uptake-Glo™ Assay to study metabolic changes. (5018)

Notes: Cell viability of IDH1 wild-type or mutant cell lines under treatment conditions was assessed using the CellTiter-Glo® Luminescent Cell Viability Assay. From these numbers, the IC₅₀ values were calculated. To evaluate apoptosis, 7,000–8,000 cells were treated with DMSO or compounds singly or in combination (12.5nmol/L NAMPT inhibitors and/or 200μmol/L temozolomide or 50μmol/L Z-VAD-FMK) for 6 or 24 hours and then measured using Caspase-Glo® 3/7 Assay. Changes in NAD+, NADH, NADP+, and NADPH were assessed using the NAD/NADH-Glo™ and NADP/NADPH-Glo™ Assays. (4946)

Notes: This study investigated the effect of the Bacillus thuringiensi toxins parasporin 3 on HepG2 cells. Understanding how Bt toxins target human cell lines has implications for the risk assessment of products containing these toxins, such as transgenic, insect-resistant plants. The authors used the CellTiter®-Blue, CellTiter®-Glo, Caspase-Glo® and ROS-Glo™ assays to assess viability, apoptosis induction, and oxidative stress in cultured cells exposed to the toxin. (5038)

Notes: Inhibition of HCT116 cell eEF2 kinase with the JAN-849 inhibitor lead to a dramatic increase in caspase-3/7 activity when the cells were cultured in medium without glucose for 24 hours. The increase could be blocked with cycloheximide (translation elongation inhibitor) or harringtonine (protein synthesis initiation inhibitor). Caspase activity was monitored with the Caspase-Glo® 3/7 Assay. A549 cells exposed to glucose-free medium had an increase in cytotoxicity that was partially abrogated by cycloheximide treatment. Knockdown of eEF2 kinase expression with siRNA treatment doubled the amount of cell death in glucose-free media, and cycloheximide treatment reduced cell death to about half. Cytotoxicity was monitored with the CellTox™ Green Cytotoxicity Assay using the end-point protocol. (4709)

Notes: The authors utilized phosphoproteomics to identify host factors that are activated upon Influenza A infection. In total, 1116 proteins showed changes in regulation including cyclin-dependent kinases. The authors tested the effects of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors on cell viability and caspase activation using the CellTiter Glo® and Caspase-Glo® assays. (5154)