Notes: The ATP levels of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes were measured using the Mitochondrial ToxGlo™ Assay. To assess cell viability and caspase-3/7 activity, the ApoTox-Glo™ Triplex Assay was used and luminescence measured on a GloMax® plate reader for the caspase-3/7 assay. Cardiomyocytes were lysed and NAD+ and NADH measured from the same well using the NAD/NADH-Glo™ Assay to assess any changes in the NAD+/NADH ratio. (4952)

Notes: These authors evaluated the effect of exposure to various toxins on mitochondrial function in nematodes harboring mutations in mitochondrial fission, fusion or mitophagy genes. They used the Mitochondrial ToxGlo™ Assay to assess the effect of exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of arsenite on mitochondrial function. The assay was used to measure steady-state ATP levels in nematodes in 96-well plates. The Mitochondrial ToxGlo™ assay medium was added to each well, and luminescence measured after 30 minutes incubation at 20°C. (4951)

Notes: These authors studied response to oxidative stress in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). They evaluated response to oxidative stress in normal and disease samples of retinal pigment epithelium, using the Mitochondrial ToxGlo™ Assay to determine mitochondrial activity (ATP levels) in AMD and normal samples after H₂O₂ exposure. (4955)

Notes: These authors studied the role of a mutation in the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone Sigma receptor-1 (E102Q) in ALS pathology. As part of their analysis, they used the Mitochondrial ToxGlo™ Assay to assess the effects of the mutation on mitochondrial function.  MCF-7 cells transfected with various constructs were first evaluated for loss of membrane integrity using a fluorescence-based cell viability assay. The Mitochondrial ToxGlo™ reagent was then added to the same plate and the luminescent readout used to detect ATP as a measure of mitochondrial function. (4956)

Notes: The ApoTox-Glo™ Triplex Assay was used to determine cell viability, cytotoxicity and apoptosis at 72 hours after CART knockdown in islet cells. Cellular ATP levels during glucose-stimulated insulin secretion after CART knockdown in islet cells using the Mitochondrial ToxGlo™ Assay. (4954)

Notes: Mitochondrial ATP levels from blood platelets were measured using the Mitochondrial ToxGlo™ Assay. (4958)

Notes: This study looked at the effect of non-phenylalanine ligands on the alpha1-glycine receptor, which is involved in conditions such as epilepsy. In a neuroprotection study, the Mitochondrial ToxGlo™ Assay was used to assess necrosis and mitochondrial dysrunction in neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells after short term incubation with a neurotoxin and one of the non-phenylalanine ligands. (4957)

Notes: Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) were differentiated into neurons and treated with 20, 100 and 500μM of ketamine for 6 and 24 hours to examine the neurotoxic effects of ketamine. The ApoTox-Glo™ Triplex Assay was used to examine cell viability and caspase-3/7 activation in the ketamine-treated iPSC-derived neurons. Fluorescence (cell viability) and luminescence (caspase-3/7 assay) was detected using a GloMax® multimode instrument. To examine if reactive oxygen species levels changed when iPSC-derived neurons were exposed to ketamine, the authors used the ROS-Glo™ H₂O₂ Assay with cells that were ketamine treated with or without a ROS scavenger for 6 and 24 hours. Luminescence was detected using a GloMax® instrument. Caspase activity was confirmed with or without the ROS scavenger using the Caspase-Glo® 3/7 Reagent from the ApoTox-Glo™ Triplex Assay. The levels of ketamine-induced oxidative stress were assessed in iPSC-derived neurons using the NAD/NADH-Glo™ Assay, and cellular ATP levels determined using the Mitochondrial ToxGlo™ Assay. The luminescence from both assays were measured on a GloMax® detection instrument. (4570)