Notes: The authors determined allele frequency data in the Tujia population in China using the PowerPlex® 16 System. DNA was extracted from 98 whole blood samples, and 1ng was amplified using the GeneAmp® PCR System 9600. Amplified products were analyzed using the ABI PRISM® 310 Genetic Analyzer. (3774)

Notes: The authors typed 15 autosomal STR loci in 319 unrelated individuals from northern Greece using the PowerPlex® 16 System to generate population data. DNA was extracted from 6mm buccal swab punches, amplifications were assembled using a Corbett CAS-1200 robotic workstation, and amplification products were analyzed using an ABI PRISM® 3100 Genetic Analyzer. (3812)

Notes: The authors determined allele frequencies in 870 unrelated individuals using the PowerPlex^® 16 System. DNA was extracted from buccal swabs using Chelex^® 100 resin, and 1ng of DNA was amplified per reaction. Amplification products were analyzed using an ABI PRISM^® 377 DNA Sequencer and ABI PRISM^® 310 Genetic Analyzer. (3813)

Notes: The authors reported a partial DNA match from evidence from two robberies in Northern Italy. DNA profiles were generated with the PowerPlex^® 16 System and the AmpFlSTR^® Identifiler^® kit, and alleles at 12 STR loci were identical. Based on the high number of matching alleles, the authors hypothesized that the two DNA donors were of the same parental lineage and generated Y-STR haplotypes, which were found to be identical. Based on the results of database searches, the authors concluded that if the number of autosomal loci with common alleles is greater than nine but not all of the loci match, there is a high chance that the DNA donors are of the same parental lineage. (3839)

Notes: Population data for 103 unrelated individuals from Libya were generated using the PowerPlex^® 16 System. DNA was extracted from blood samples using an alkaline lysis extraction protocol. DNA was not quantitated prior to amplification; 2µl of extract was used per reaction. Amplification products were detected using the ABI PRISM^® 310 Genetic Analyzer. (3841)

Notes: The authors generated population data from 1,368 unrelated individuals living in three of the most densely populated provinces in Argentina using the PowerPlex^® 16 System. DNA was collected as a blood or buccal swab sample and isolated using organic extraction. PowerPlex^® 16 System reactions were performed using the GeneAmp^® PCR System 9600 or 9700, and amplified products were detected using an ABI PRISM^® 310 or 3100-Avant Genetic Analyzer. (3816)

Notes: The authors evaluated a 96-channel microfabricated capillary array electrophoresis (µCAE) device for forensic STR typing using the PowerPlex^® 16 System and the AmpFlSTR^® Profiler Plus^® kit. DNA was isolated from one semen (sperm and nonsperm fractions), nine saliva, four blood and two mixed blood stains using either organic extraction or the DNA IQ™ System, then .5–1.0 ng was amplified using the PowerPlex^® 16 System and the AmpFlSTR^® Profiler Plus^® kit according to the manufacturer's instructions. Amplified products were analyzed initially using an ABI PRISM^® 310 or Hitachi FMBIO^® II instrument, then using the µCAE device. All 48 samples, as well as all minor alleles in 3:1 mixture samples, were accurately typed using the µCAE device. (3772)

Notes: The authors generated DNA profiles for 503 unrelated individuals from São Tomé island using the PowerPlex^® 16 System and identified 10 males that presented with only the Y chromosomal Amelogenin amplification product. These individuals were further typed using AmpFlSTR^® Identifiler^® kit (Applied Biosystems) and the Y-Plex 12 (Reliagene), and only the Y-Plex 12 kit amplified the X-chromosomal Amelogenin product. DNA sequencing revealed a C to T transition within the PowerPlex^® 16 forward primer-binding site. (3868)

Notes: The authors developed a new set of miniplex primers for DNA typing of degraded DNA from human skeletal remains. The miniplex primers produced smaller amplicons (50–280 base pairs) than standard STR systems. The DNA-typing results obtained with the miniplex primers were compared to results obtained with the PowerPlex^® 16 System. The authors determined that larger loci failed to amplify when using degraded DNA and that the degradation cut-off length of template fragments occurred predominantly at 200bp and is not kit-dependent. (3808)

Notes: The authors conducted a classical twin study to define the genetic contribution to cytokine production and regulation of T cell-specific transcription factors. Twins were classified as monozygotic and dizygotic by typing 15 short tandem repeat loci using the PowerPlex^® 16 System. (3807)

Notes: The authors generated population data for 16 autosomal STR loci using the PowerPlex^® 16 System and PowerPlex^® ES Monoplex System, SE33 (JOE), for 200 unrelated individuals in northern Portugal. DNA was collected as blood stains, extracted using Chelex^® resin and amplified using a GeneAmp^® PCR System 9700 as directed by the manufacturer. Amplified products were detected using an ABI PRISM^® 3100 Genetic Analyzer. (3823)

Notes: On November 20, 2002, an explosion in a munitions facility left 7 people dead, 100 injured and 5 missing. The authors used DNA typing to identify 2 tissue samples and 19 bone samples. These samples, as well as reference samples from relatives of the missing persons, were analyzed using the PowerPlex^® 16 System. DNA was extracted using phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol extraction and concentrated, then amplified using 28–30 cycles. For bone samples, the cycle number was increased to 35. The success rate was 90% (19 of 21 samples identified; 2 of 21 samples had a high degree of contamination and could not be identified). (3819)

Notes: Population data were generated for a group of 134 unrelated individuals from Equatorial Guinea using the PowerPlex^® 16 System and the AmpFlSTR^® Identifiler^® kit. DNA was extracted using Chelex^® resin, amplified as directed by the manufacturer, and amplified products detected using an ABI PRISM^® 310 Genetic Analyzer. (3837)

Notes: These authors used DNA typing to identify human skeletal remains found in mass graves. DNA was isolated using standard phenol/chloroform extraction, the DNA IQ™ System or other methods. A modified DNA IQ™ System protocol was developed using 2g of pulverized bone. DNA was quantitated using the AluQuant^® Human DNA Quantitation System or Quanti-Blot™ Human DNA quantitation kit. DNA typing was performed using several STR amplification kits, including the PowerPlex^® 16 System. In some cases mitochondrial DNA testing was necessary due to the degree of nuclear DNA degradation. Of the 481 samples, 385 were amplified successfully and 109 sets of remains were identified. (3640)

Notes: The authors determined allele frequencies for 17 autosomal STR loci in an Angolan population using the PowerPlex^® 16 System and the AmpFlSTR^® Identifiler^® kit. DNA was collected from 110 unrelated individuals living in Cabinda, Angola, extracted using Chelex^® resin and amplified as directed by the manufacturers. Amplified products were detected using an ABI PRISM^® 310 Genetic Analyzer. The authors compared their population data with other African databases published in the scientific literature. (3824)

Notes: Population data were generated for a group of 341 unrelated Spanish individuals using the PowerPlex^® 16 System. DNA was collected as blood samples or buccal swabs and extracted using phenol:chloroform extraction. Amplifications were carried out as directed by the manufacturer, and amplified products were detected using an ABI PRISM^® 310 Genetic Analyzer. (3840)

Notes: The authors determined allele frequencies for 17 autosomal STR loci in 144 unrelated individuals from Mozambique using the PowerPlex® 16 System and the AmpFlSTR® Identifiler® kit. DNA was extracted using Chelex® resin, amplified as directed by the manufacturer, and amplification products detected using the ABI PRISM® 310 Genetic Analyzer. The population sampled did not have a combined matching probability or power of exclusion as high as those calculated for African-American samples. (3827)

Notes: When using the PowerPlex^® 16 System for routine paternity casework, the authors observed two single parental exclusions at D5S818 due to reverse homozygosity. To explore this further, they typed 2514 persons who were homozygous at the locus D5S818 and their 1304 children using a singleplex with two different primer pairs and the AmpFlSTR^® Identifiler^®, Profiler Plus™ and Profiler 1 kits. The authors identified three one-base-pair substitutions, one of which was within the primer-binding site for the PowerPlex^® 16 System D5S818 primer. All persons who showed this substitution within the primer-binding site, which the authors designated the *10 variant 4 allele, were of German origin. (3863)

Notes: One hundred and eleven people from the Neuquen province in Argentina were typed with the PowerPlex™ 16 System. Allele frequencies for the population are provided. (3009)

Notes: The authors generated population data from unrelated individuals in Extremadura in western Spain using the PowerPlex^® 16 System and the AmpFlSTR^® Profiler Plus™, COfiler^® and SGM Plus^® kits. DNA was collected as blood samples and isolated by phenol:chloroform extraction or with GFX genomic purification columns. Amplifications were performed as directed by the manufacturer, and amplified products were detected using an ABI PRISM^® 310 Genetic Analyzer. (3844)

Notes: The PowerPlex^® 16 System was used to type 116 individuals from the Van-Agri districts of the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. The study reports allele frequencies for this population as well as other statistical data. (2822)

Notes: Allele frequencies for a Mestizo population in Columbia were determined with the PowerPlex^® 16 System. DNA was purified using the Wizard^® Genomic DNA Purification Kit.  (3003)

Notes: The authors evaluated the ability of the PowerPlex^® 16 System to amplify degraded DNA samples and compared the results with those obtained using the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. They amplified DNA from six whole blood samples that had been stored at 4°C or room temperature for 20 days, DNA isolated from six pairs of archived whole blood samples, and from corresponding plasma samples that had been stored below –20°C for 1–3 years and were assumed to be degraded. Amplifications were assembled and performed using protocols optimized in their laboratory. For the whole blood and plasma samples stored below –20°C, the PowerPlex® 16 System gave eight full profiles and the SGM Plus^® kit gave six full profiles. No differences were observed between the two kits with DNA extracts stored at 4°C or room temperature. As expected, the frequency of allele dropout increased as the amplified fragment length increased. (3876)

Notes: The authors evaluated criteria for using STR analysis to resolve immigration cases by examining 156 one-parent child combinations and 105 two-parent child combinations from 28 families. STR analyses were performed in duplicate using the SMG Plus^® kit and a combination of CTTv and FFFL Multiplexes. The authors concluded that the combination of these kits, which analyze a total of 21 STR loci, can be used to successfully resolve immigration casework. However, in 9% of the one-parent cases their criteria of a parental index of 1.000 or more was not met. Additional testing using the PowerPlex^® 16 System reduced this from 9% to 1 out of 156 indices. (3858)

Notes: The PowerPlex™ 16 System was used to type 426 people from 4 tribal groups in Western India. The allele frequencies for the PowerPlex™ 16 System loci are provided for each of the tribal groups. (3011)