Notes: Allele frequencies for a Mestizo population in Columbia were determined with the PowerPlex^® 16 System. DNA was purified using the Wizard^® Genomic DNA Purification Kit.  (3003)

Notes: The authors evaluated criteria for using STR analysis to resolve immigration cases by examining 156 one-parent child combinations and 105 two-parent child combinations from 28 families. STR analyses were performed in duplicate using the SMG Plus^® kit and a combination of CTTv and FFFL Multiplexes. The authors concluded that the combination of these kits, which analyze a total of 21 STR loci, can be used to successfully resolve immigration casework. However, in 9% of the one-parent cases their criteria of a parental index of 1.000 or more was not met. Additional testing using the PowerPlex^® 16 System reduced this from 9% to 1 out of 156 indices. (3858)

Notes: The authors evaluated the ability of the PowerPlex^® 16 System to amplify degraded DNA samples and compared the results with those obtained using the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. They amplified DNA from six whole blood samples that had been stored at 4°C or room temperature for 20 days, DNA isolated from six pairs of archived whole blood samples, and from corresponding plasma samples that had been stored below –20°C for 1–3 years and were assumed to be degraded. Amplifications were assembled and performed using protocols optimized in their laboratory. For the whole blood and plasma samples stored below –20°C, the PowerPlex® 16 System gave eight full profiles and the SGM Plus^® kit gave six full profiles. No differences were observed between the two kits with DNA extracts stored at 4°C or room temperature. As expected, the frequency of allele dropout increased as the amplified fragment length increased. (3876)

Notes: The PowerPlex™ 16 System was used to type 426 people from 4 tribal groups in Western India. The allele frequencies for the PowerPlex™ 16 System loci are provided for each of the tribal groups. (3011)

Notes: The PowerPlex^® 16 System was used to genetically type 354 people from four distinct tribes (Hmar, Lai, Lusei, and Mara) in Northeastern India. Allele frequencies and population statistics are provided.  (3004)

Notes: The PowerPlex^® 16 System was used to type 317 Mestizos in Ecuador.  Allele frequencies and statistical analysis of the data are provided. (2821)

Notes: The authors generated allele frequency data for 100 unrelated individuals from North Portugal and 110 unrelated individuals from Mozambique using the PowerPlex^® 16 System, GenePrint^® CTTv Multiplex and Profiler Plus™ kit. Four inconsistencies in genotypes between the kits were detected, three for D5S818 and 1 for D8S1179, due to primer-binding site mutations. (3862)

Notes: The authors examined almost 24,000 meioses to calculate the mutation rates at 23 STR loci, including CD4, CSF1PO, D2S1338, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1132, D8S1179, D12S391, D13S317, D16S539, D17S976, D18S51, D19S433, D21S11, F13A1, F13B, FES, FGA, SE33, TH01, TPOX and VWA. DNA was collected as blood samples or buccal swabs, isolated and amplified using the Powerplex™ 16 System, Profiler™, Profiler Plus™, COfiler™ or SGM Plus™ kit or singleplex amplification. Their results confirm that loci with long uninterrupted repeats have higher mutation rates. (3865)

Notes: The authors used the PowerPlex^® 16 System to type 526 Japanese individuals. Allele frequencies for 13 CODIS loci were determined with the PowerPlex^® 16 System and AmpFlSTR^® Identifiler^® kits. (2823)

Notes: In this paper, researchers report allele frequencies for a population in Northeastern China. Data was generated using the PowerPlex^® 16 System. DNA from volunteers was extracted using a phenol chloroform method. (3000)

Notes: Allele frequencies for 11 autosomal STR loci were determined in the Yan Bian region of China. Population data for nine STR loci were determined using the AmpFlSTR^® Profiler Plus™ kit and for the Penta D and Penta E loci using the PowerPlex^® 16 System. DNA was isolated using phenol:chloroform extraction, and 1ng was amplified as directed by the manufacturer. Amplified products were detected using an ABI PRISM^® 377 DNA Sequencer. (3826)

Notes: The authors generated population data from 323 unrelated individuals in Chile using the PowerPlex^® 16 System. All loci were shown to be highly polymorphic. (3864)

Notes: The authors generated population data for 723 individuals living in four regions of Hungary. DNA was collected as blood samples and amplified using the PowerPlex^® 16 System. Amplified products were detected using the ABI PRISM^® 377 DNA Sequencer or 310 Genetic Analyzer. (3866)

Notes: The authors reported population data for the Penta E and Penta D loci in 160 Portuguese Caucasians, 19 Portuguese of African origin and 150 meioses. DNA was extracted from blood samples using Chelex^® resin, then purified using the Wizard^® DNA Clean-Up System. Amplifications were performed using the PowerPlex^® 16 System, the SGM Plus^® kit and the GeneAmp^® PCR System 9600. Amplified products were detected using an ABI PRISM^® 377 DNA Sequencer. (3845)

Notes: The authors generated population data from 508 unrelated Japanese individuals using the PowerPlex^® 16 System. DNA was collected as buccal swabs and isolated using Chelex^® resin followed by phenol:chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation. For each PowerPlex^® 16 reaction, 2ng of DNA was amplified using a GeneAmp^® PCR System 9700, and amplified products were detected using the ABI PRISM^® 377 DNA Sequencer. (3843)

Notes: The PowerPlex^® 16 System was used to report allele frequencies for a population of people living in Capital Federal and in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area. (2999)

Notes: The PowerPlex^® 16 System was used to type 204 Caucasian individuals from Northeastern Spain.  Allele frequencies and statistical analyses of the data are provided. (2820)

Notes: In this paper, researchers from both Promega and state crime laboratories provide an evaluation of the Powerplex^® 16 System loci (CODIS, Penta D, Penta E, and amelogenin). Data from several laboratories using a variety of thermal cyclers and the ABI PRISM^® 310 Genetic Analyzer or ABI PRISM^® 377 DNA Sequencer are presented. The Powerplex^® 16 System was able to consistently genotype samples from as little as 0.0625-2ng of genomic DNA template. Other factors such as reaction volume, annealing temperature, titration of AmpliTaq Gold^® DNA Polymerase, magnesium, or primer pairs, and 1ng DNA mixtures were analyzed using the Powerplex^® 16 System.  The researchers also present data on stutter analysis and cross reactivity of primer sets on primate DNA templates for each loci. (2675)

Notes: The authors identified two microvariant alleles (18.4 and 19.4) at Penta E in the Japanese population. Both microvariant alleles had a partial repeat motif of AAAA rather than the AAAGA repeat. The authors discuss their ability to resolve alleles differing in size by only one base (i.e., 18.4 and 19) by capillary electrophoresis. (3970)

Notes: Population data for five populations in India were determined using the PowerPlex^® 16 System. Blood was collected from 95 unrelated individuals, and DNA was isolated by phenol:chloroform extraction. Two nanograms was amplified, and amplified products were detected using an ABI PRISM^® 377 DNA Sequencer. (3831)

Notes: This study provides a multi-lab validation of the PowerPlex^® 2.1 and Penta D systems. The paper also reveals the primer sequences for all ten loci. Stutter, species cross-reactivity, environmental variations, and sample mixtures were examined for all loci. The researchers were able to consistently amplify from 0.75ng of sample DNA.  (2679)

Notes: The authors examined allele frequencies for 15 autosomal STR loci in four population groups in southern India using the PowerPlex^® 16 System. DNA was isolated from blood using phenol:chloroform extraction, 2ng was amplified and amplified products were detected using an ABI PRISM^® 377 DNA Sequencer. (3833)

Notes: Population data was determined for 208 unrelated individuals from central India using the PowerPlex^® 16 System. DNA was isolated from blood by organic extraction, and 2ng was amplified per reaction. Amplified products were detected using an ABI PRISM^® 377 DNA Sequencer. (3829)

Notes: The authors generated STR allele frequency data from three minor caste groups in Bihar, India. DNA was isolated from using phenol:chloroform extraction, and STR loci were amplified using the PowerPlex^® 16 System. (3974)

Notes: The PowerPlex™ 16 System was used to type 100 males from Guiné-Bissau in West Africa. DNA was isolated from each individual using a chelex method. Allele frequencies for the population are provided. (3010)