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A B C
D E F
G H I
J K L
M N O
P Q R
S T U
V W X Y
Z |
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A |
| α |
alpha |
| Ab |
antibody |
| Ac-DEVD-AMC |
acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-7-amino-4-methyl coumarin (fluorogenic
substrate for caspase-3/7) |
| Ac-DEVD-CHO |
acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-1-aldehyde (reversible aldehyde inhibitor of
caspase-3/7) |
| Ac-DEVD-pNA |
acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-pNA (colorimetric substrate for caspase-3/7) |
| Ac-YVAD-AMC |
acetyl-Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-amino methyl coumarin (fluorogenic substrate
for caspase-1) |
| Ac-YVAD-CHO |
acetyl-Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-1-aldehyde (reversible aldehyde inhibitor of
caspase-1) |
| ADP |
adenosine diphosphate |
| Ad-2 |
adenovirus-2 |
| AKAP |
A-kinase anchoring protein |
| a.m.u. |
atomic mass unit |
| AMC |
7-amino-4-methyl coumarin |
| amol |
attomole (10-18 mole) |
| AMP |
adenosine monophosphate |
| AMV |
avian myeloblastosis virus |
| AP |
alkaline phosphatase |
| AP1,2 |
activator protein 1,2 |
| APC film |
automatic processor-compatible film |
| ARE |
AU-rich element |
| ATP |
adenosine triphosphate |
|
|
|
|
B |
| β |
beta |
| BCIP |
5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate |
| BDNF |
brain-derived neurotrophic factor |
| BMV |
brome mosaic virus |
| bp |
base pairs |
| BRET |
bioluminescence resonance energy transfer |
| BSA |
bovine serum albumin |
| BYDV |
barley yellow dwarf virus |
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|
C |
| CaM KII |
calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II |
| cAMP |
adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) |
| CAT |
chloramphenicol acetyltransferase |
| CBZ |
benzyloxycarbonyl |
| CCD |
charge-coupled device (camera) |
| CCLR |
Cell Culture Lysis Reagent |
| cdc2 |
cell division cycle 2 protein |
| cDNA |
complementary DNA |
| cfu |
colony forming unit |
| cGMP |
guanosine-3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP) |
| Ci |
Curie |
| CIAP |
calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase |
| CKI, CK-1 |
casein kinase I |
| CKII, CK-2 |
casein kinase II |
| cm |
centimeter |
| CMM |
canine pancreatic microsomal membranes |
| CMV |
cytomegalovirus |
| CN |
4-chloro-1-naphthol (a horseradish peroxidase substrate) |
| CNBr |
cyanogen bromide |
| CNS |
central nervous system |
| CNTF |
ciliary neurotrophic factor |
| CODIS |
COmbined DNA Index System |
| cpm |
counts per minute |
| CPP32 |
caspase-3 (DEVDase) |
| CREB |
cAMP response element binding protein |
| Ct |
cycle threshold |
| CTP |
cytidine triphosphate |
| CXR |
carboxy-X-tetramethylrhodamine |
|
|
|
|
D |
| Da |
daltons |
| DAB |
diaminobenzidine |
| DAG |
diacylglycerol |
| DAPI |
4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole |
| DEPC |
diethyl pyrocarbonate |
| DEVDase |
caspase protease activity on the DEVD peptide |
| ddRNAi |
DNA-directed RNA interference |
| diAcFAM |
diacetyl carboxyfluorescein |
| DLR |
Dual-Luciferase® Reporter |
| DMSO |
dimethyl sulfoxide |
| DNA |
deoxyribonucleic acid |
| DNA-PK |
DNA-dependent protein kinase |
| DNase |
deoxyribonucleic acid |
| dNTP |
deoxynucleotide triphosphate |
| DOGS |
dioctadecylamidoglycyl spermine |
| DOPE |
L-dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine |
| DPPIV |
dipeptidyl peptidase IV |
| dsDNA |
double-stranded DNA |
| dsRNA |
double-stranded RNA |
| DTT |
dithiothreitol |
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|
|
E |
| ED50 |
effective dose (for 50% of effect) |
| EDTA |
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid |
| EGF |
epidermal growth factor |
| EGFR |
epidermal growth factor receptor |
| EGTA |
ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N, N, N', N'-tetraacetic acid |
| ELISA |
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
| em |
emission |
| ERK1,2 |
extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1,2 |
| EtBr |
ethidium bromide |
| EtOH |
ethanol |
| ex |
excitation |
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F |
| FAB/MS |
fast atomic bombardment mass spectrometry |
| FACS |
fluorescence-activated cell sorting |
| FGF |
fibroblast growth factor |
| FITC |
fluorescein isothiocyanate |
| FITC-VAD-FMK |
FITC-carbobenzoxy-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-[O-methyl]-fluoromethylketone
(fluorescent marker for caspase activity) |
| FL |
fluorescein |
| fmol |
femtomole (10–15 mole) |
|
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|
|
G |
| γ |
gamma |
| g |
gram |
| GAPDH |
glyceraldehyde-3 phophate dehydrogenase |
| GDNF |
glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor |
| GFAP |
glial fibrillary acidic protein |
| GFP |
green fluorescent protein |
| GLB |
Glo Lysis Buffer |
| GMO |
genetically modified organism |
| GMP |
guanosine monophosphate |
| GPDH |
glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
| GQ |
genome qualified |
| GST |
glutathione-S-transferase |
| GTP |
guanosine triphosphate |
|
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|
|
H |
| 3H |
tritium |
| h |
human |
| HC |
high concentration |
| hCL1 |
synthetic CL1, a protein degradation signal |
| HCV |
hepatitis C virus |
| HDPE |
high-density polyethylene |
| HIV |
human immunodeficiency virus |
| hluc+ |
codon-optimized firefly luciferase gene |
| hlucCP+ |
hluc+ with 3' hCL1 and hPEST sequences |
| hlucP+ |
hluc+ with 3' hPEST sequence |
| hPEST |
synthetic PEST, a protein degradation signal |
| HPLC |
high-pressure or high-performance liquid chromatography |
| hRluc |
synthetic Renilla luciferase gene |
| hRlucCP |
hRluc with 3' hCL1 and hPEST sequences |
| hRlucP |
hRluc with 3' hPEST sequence |
| HRP |
horseradish peroxidase |
| HSV |
herpes simplex virus |
| HTP |
high throughput |
| HTS |
high-throughput screening |
|
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|
I |
| IC50
|
inhibitory concentration (50% inhibition) |
| ICC |
immunocytochemistry |
| ICE |
interleukin-1β-converting enzyme (caspase-1) |
| IGF |
insulin-like growth factor |
| IgG |
immunoglobulin G |
| IgY |
immunoglobulin Y (chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin) |
| IHC |
immunohistochemistry |
| IL-4 |
interleukin-4 |
| IPTG |
isopropyl β-D-thiogalactopyranoside |
| iso-dC |
isodeoxycytosine |
| iso-dG |
isodeoxyguanosine |
| IVEC |
in vitro expression cloning |
| IVT |
in vitro transcription |
|
|
|
|
J |
| JNK |
c-Jun N-terminal kinase |
| JOE |
6-carboxy-4', 5'-dichloro-2', 7'-dimethoxy-fluorescein |
|
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|
|
K |
| kb |
kilobase, kilobase pairs |
| kDa |
kilodalton |
| Km |
Michaelis-Menten constant |
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|
|
L |
| λ |
lambda |
| L |
liter |
| LAR |
Luciferase Assay Reagent |
| LDH |
lactate dehydrogenase |
| LDPE |
low-density polyethelene |
| LNGFR |
low-affinity NGF receptor (p75 neurotrophin receptor) |
| LSC |
liquid scintillation counting |
| luc |
native firefly luciferase gene |
| luc+ |
synthetic firefly luciferase gene |
| LY 294002 |
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4 H-1-benzopyran-4-one (PI-3 kinase
inhibitor) |
|
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|
|
M |
| m |
murine, milli |
| M |
molar |
| mAb |
monoclonal antibody |
| MALDI-TOF |
matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass
spectrometry |
| MAO |
monoamine oxidase |
| MAPK |
mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| MCS |
multiple cloning site (also MCR, multiple cloning region) |
| MEK |
MAPK kinase |
| mg |
milligram (10–3g) |
| MGFP |
Monster Green® Fluorescent Protein |
| μg |
microgram (10–6g) |
| min |
minute |
| μl |
microliter (10–6L) |
| μM |
micromolar (10–6M) |
| miRNA |
micro RNA |
| ml |
milliliter (10-3L) |
| MLCK |
kinase 338, myosin light chain kinase |
| M-MLV |
Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus |
| mm |
millimeter (10–3m) |
| mM |
millimolar (10–6M) |
| mol |
mole |
| mRNA |
messenger RNA |
| MTS |
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium,
inner salt |
| MTT |
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide |
| MW |
molecular weight |
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|
|
|
N |
| N |
Normal |
| NaOAc |
sodium acetate |
| NBT |
nitro blue tetrazolium |
| NED |
N-1-napthylethylenediamine dihydrochloride |
| NF |
N-terminal fusion |
| NF-κB |
nuclear factor kappa B |
| NGF |
nerve growth factor |
| nmol |
nanomole (10–9mole) |
| NMR |
nuclear magnetic resonance |
| nt |
nucleotide |
| NT-3, NT-4 |
neurotrophin-3, neurotrophin-4 |
| NTP |
nucleotide triphosphate (same as rNTP) |
|
|
|
|
O |
| OCT1 |
octamer-binding transcription factor 1 |
| ONPG |
o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside |
|
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|
|
P |
| P450 |
cytochrome P450 |
| pAb |
polyclonal antibody |
| PAGE |
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis |
| PARP |
poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase |
| PCR |
polymerase chain reaction |
| PD 98059 |
2'-amino-3'-methoxyflavone, MEK1 inhibitor |
| PES |
phenazine ethosulfate |
| PEG |
polyethlene glycol |
| pg |
picogram (10–12g) |
| Pgp |
P-glycoprotein |
| Pi |
inorganic phosphate |
| PKA |
cAMP-dependent protein kinase |
| PKC |
protein kinase C |
| PKG |
cGMP-dependent protein kinase |
| PI 3-K |
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase |
| PLB |
Passive Lysis Buffer |
| PMA |
phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA), PKC activator |
| pmol |
picomole (10–12mole) |
| PMP |
paramagnetic particle |
| PMS |
phenazine methosulfate |
| PMSF |
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride |
| pNA |
p-nitroaniline |
| PNGase F |
peptide N-glycosidase F |
| PNPP |
p-nitrophenyl phosphate |
| Poly(A) |
polyadenylation sequence |
| PPase |
protein phosphatase |
| PTPase |
protein tyrosine phosphatase |
| PTK |
protein tyrosine kinase |
| PTT |
protein truncation test |
| PVDF |
polyvinylidene fluoride |
| PVP |
polyvinylpyrrolidone |
|
|
|
|
Q |
| qPCR |
quantitative polymerase chain reaction |
| qRT-PCR |
quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction |
|
|
|
|
R |
| r |
recombinant |
| RAPD |
random amplified polymorphic DNA |
| RF DNA |
replicative form DNA |
| RISC |
RNA-induced silencing complex |
| RLB |
Reporter Lysis Buffer |
| RLU |
relative light units |
| Rluc |
native Renilla luciferase gene |
| RNA |
ribonucleic acid |
| RNAi |
RNA interference |
| RNase |
ribonuclease |
| rNTP |
ribosylnucleotide triphosphate (same as NTP) |
| ROS |
reactive oxygen species |
| rRNA |
ribosomal RNA |
| RT |
reverse transcriptase |
| RT-PCR |
reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction |
|
|
|
|
S |
| SAM |
S-adenosylmethionine |
| SAM |
streptavidin matrix |
| SAP |
shrimp alkaline phosphatase |
| SB 203580 |
(4-[4'-fluorophenyl]-2-[4'-methylsulfinylphenyl]-5-[4'-pyridyl]
imidazole), a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor |
| SDS |
sodium dodecyl sulfate |
| shRNA |
short hairpin RNA |
| siRNA |
short interfering RNA |
| SNP |
single nucleotide polymorphism |
| SP1 |
specificity protein 1 |
| SSB |
single-stranded DNA binding protein |
| ssDNA |
single-stranded DNA |
| St |
stearated |
| STR |
short tandem repeat |
| SV40 |
simian virus 40 |
|
|
|
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T |
| TAE |
tris acetate EDTA |
| TAP |
tobacco acid pyrophosphatase |
| TBE |
tris borate EDTA |
| TCA |
trichloroacetic acid |
| TdT |
terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase |
| TE |
Tris-EDTA bufferr |
| TEMED |
N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine |
| TFIIB |
transcription factor IIB |
| TGFβ1,2 |
transforming growth factor β1,2 |
| TK |
thymidine kinase |
| TLC |
thin-layer chromatography |
| Tm |
melting temperature |
| TMB |
3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine |
| TMR |
carboxy-tetramethylrhodamine |
| TNFα |
tumor necrosis factor-α |
| TPA |
12-O-tetradecanolyphorbol 13-acetate |
| TPCK |
N-p-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone |
| Trk |
tyrosine kinase neurotrophin receptor family |
| tRNA |
transfer RNA |
| TTP |
thymidine triphosphate |
| TUNEL |
TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling |
|
|
|
|
U |
| u |
unit |
| UTP |
uracil triphosphate |
|
|
|
|
V |
| (v/v) |
volume:volume ratio |
| VAChT |
vesicular acetylcholine transporter |
| Vmax |
maximum velocity (enzyme kinetics) |
|
|
|
|
W |
|
(w/v) |
weight:volume ratio |
|
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|
X |
|
X-Gal |
5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-galactopyranoside |
|
|
|
|
Z |
| Z-DEVD-R110 |
bis-(N-CBZ-L-aspartyl-L-glutamyl-L-valyl-aspartic acid amide)
rhodamine 110 (fluorogenic substrate for caspase 3/7) |
| Z-VAD-FMK |
carbobenzoxy-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-[O-methyl]-fluoromethylketone
(pan caspase inhibitor) |
| zmol |
zeptomole (10-21 mole) |
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