Notes: These authors used DNA typing to identify human skeletal remains found in mass graves. DNA was isolated using standard phenol/chloroform extraction, the DNA IQ™ System or other methods. A modified DNA IQ™ System protocol was developed using 2g of pulverized bone. DNA was quantitated using the AluQuant^® Human DNA Quantitation System or Quanti-Blot™ Human DNA quantitation kit. DNA typing was performed using several STR amplification kits, including the PowerPlex^® 16 System. In some cases mitochondrial DNA testing was necessary due to the degree of nuclear DNA degradation. Of the 481 samples, 385 were amplified successfully and 109 sets of remains were identified. (3640)

Notes: These authors used a new DNA purification method that combines cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and isoamyl alcohol/chloroform extraction to isolate DNA from bones soaked in water, burned bones, or bones that had been buried for a long time. Following the CTAB and isoamyl alcohol/chloroform extraction, PCR inhibitors were removed using the DNA IQ™ System or the QIAquick PCR Purification Kit. The authors preferred the DNA IQ™ System because of its speed and ease-of-use. (3642)

Notes: This paper discusses automated DNA purification from a variety of forensic casework samples using the DNA IQ™ System on a Beckman BioMek® 2000 Laboratory Automated Workstation.  DNA was purified from various forensic casework samples including vaginal swabs, blood stains, tissue and samples.  The researchers also tested diluted and contaminated samples and the ability of the DNA IQ™ System on the Beckman BioMek® 2000 to purify DNA from these samples.  The PowerPlex® 1.1 System was used as a representative forensic laboratory typing system to test the contaminant level in all of the DNA IQ™ purified DNA samples.  (3052)

Notes: These authors assessed the risk of transmitting genetic defects to children after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for treatment of male factor infertility. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood of both parents and children using the Wizard® Genomic DNA Purification Kit. Multiplex amplification of 22 sequence tagged sites on the Y chromosome was then performed on 123 samples using the Y Chromosome Deletion Detection System, Version 1.1 and a prototype Multiplex E from Promega. (3117)

Notes: GoTaq^® DNA Polymerase was used in a multiplexed genotyping reaction with three primers to differentiate wild-type, heterozygous, and mutant transgenic mouse alleles simultaneously. The wild-type target was 670bp and the mutant or knockout target was 1,030bp. Various other amplimers (1.4kb, 471bp, & 311bp) were subcloned with the aid of the pGEM^®-T Easy Vector System. (3360)

Notes: The authors evaluated the ability of the PowerPlex^® 16 System to amplify degraded DNA samples and compared the results with those obtained using the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. They amplified DNA from six whole blood samples that had been stored at 4°C or room temperature for 20 days, DNA isolated from six pairs of archived whole blood samples, and from corresponding plasma samples that had been stored below –20°C for 1–3 years and were assumed to be degraded. Amplifications were assembled and performed using protocols optimized in their laboratory. For the whole blood and plasma samples stored below –20°C, the PowerPlex® 16 System gave eight full profiles and the SGM Plus^® kit gave six full profiles. No differences were observed between the two kits with DNA extracts stored at 4°C or room temperature. As expected, the frequency of allele dropout increased as the amplified fragment length increased. (3876)

Notes: The Wizard^® Genomic DNA Purification System was used to isolate genomic DNA from clinically isolated Haemophilus influenzae samples.  The genomic DNA was then digested with EcoRI and used in Southern blots to identify the presence of various Haemophilus influenzae adhesin genes. (3102)

Notes: Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase was used to biotin end-label PCR products generated from adaptor-ligated genomic DNA fragment templates. The labeled probes were then hybridized to microarrays spotted with SNP alleles. The Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase reaction was performed for 4 hours at 37°C using 15-20 units TdT, TdT reaction buffer and 18μM biotin-ddATP. (2758)

Notes: The PolyATtract^® System 1000 was used to isolate mRNA from mouse spleen. The researchers used 3μg of the isolated poly(A)+ RNA in reverse transcriptase reactions to make cDNAs. The cDNAs were ultimately used as templates in in vitro transcription reactions to produce biotin labeled cRNAs that were used as targets in microarray analysis experiments.  (2743)

Notes: Genomic DNA was isolated from Madurella mycetomatis samples.  A modified  Wizard^® Genomic DNA Purification Kit protocol was used for the isolations.  Mycelia were sonicated and ground in liquid nitrogen before the addition of Nuclei Lysis Solution. The purified DNA was used in PCR.  (3049)

Notes: The authors generated population data from 508 unrelated Japanese individuals using the PowerPlex^® 16 System. DNA was collected as buccal swabs and isolated using Chelex^® resin followed by phenol:chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation. For each PowerPlex^® 16 reaction, 2ng of DNA was amplified using a GeneAmp^® PCR System 9700, and amplified products were detected using the ABI PRISM^® 377 DNA Sequencer. (3843)

Notes: In this paper, researchers from both Promega and state crime laboratories provide an evaluation of the Powerplex^® 16 System loci (CODIS, Penta D, Penta E, and amelogenin). Data from several laboratories using a variety of thermal cyclers and the ABI PRISM^® 310 Genetic Analyzer or ABI PRISM^® 377 DNA Sequencer are presented. The Powerplex^® 16 System was able to consistently genotype samples from as little as 0.0625-2ng of genomic DNA template. Other factors such as reaction volume, annealing temperature, titration of AmpliTaq Gold^® DNA Polymerase, magnesium, or primer pairs, and 1ng DNA mixtures were analyzed using the Powerplex^® 16 System.  The researchers also present data on stutter analysis and cross reactivity of primer sets on primate DNA templates for each loci. (2675)

Notes: A variety of methods exist for the detection of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) present in amplified segments of genomic DNA. The authors show the application of Promega's READIT^® SNP Genotyping System, a novel SNP scoring tool, for analysis of the factor V Leiden mutation. (2139)

Notes: The authors report use of the PowerPlex^® 16 System for STR analysis of DNA from skeletal remains. (2279)

Notes: The GenePrint^® CSF1PO, TPOX, TH01 Multiplex (CTT) was used in this population study. With this system amplified products are detected by silver staining following denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. (2269)

Notes: In this study, the amplification and typing conditions for the 13 core CODIS loci and their forensic applicability were evaluated. These loci are CSF1PO, FGA, TH01, TPOX, vWA, D3S1358, D5S818, D7S820, D8S1179, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, and D21S11. The PowerPlex^® Systems were evaluated, along with other commercially available STR typing systems. (2267)

Notes: These authors present the results of the 2000 and 2001 Paternity Testing Workshops, which were held to compare DNA typing results and laboratory practices between laboratories. Participating labs received a questionnaire about their processes and blood samples for DNA analysis. The results were compiled, and 91% (2000) and 86% (2001) of labs used PCR-based methods for DNA typing, and typing errors occurred in 0.3% (2000) and 0.1% (2001) of the submitted results. The PCR-based STR-typing kits used in this study included the PowerPlex® 16 System and F13A01, FESFPS, F13B, LPL Multiplex (Fluorescein). (3834)

Notes: Various Candida sp. were treated with a zymolase solution then genomic DNA was isolated with the Wizard^® Genomic DNA Purification Kit. The isolated DNA was used for RAPD analysis with Promega's Taq DNA Polymerase, 10X Thermophilic Reaction Buffer and Nuclease-Free Water. Further diagnostic procedures used Promega's dNTP's and Promega's PCR Nucleotide Mix. (0074)

Notes: The Wizard^® Genomic DNA Purification Kit was used to isolate genomic DNA from Campylobacter sp. Prior to isolation, the bacteria were washed in TE and resuspended in 1ml of TE at ~1 x 10⁹ cells/ml. The isolated DNA was used for AFLP analysis. (1203)

Notes: First-strand cDNA was synthesized by use of the Reverse Transcription System and random primers. (0728)

Notes: This validation study evaluated the utility of the GenePrint^® CSF1PO, TPOX, TH01 Multiplex (Silver Stain Detection) for forensic casework analyses. (2289)

Notes: Promega's Taq DNA Polymerase was used in this study. (1957)