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Latest Questions0073 - How are competent bacterial cells transformed with a plasmid? 0074 - How might environmental factors affect the cell-based MultiTox-Fluor, MultiTox-Glo, CytoTox-Fluor™ and CytoTox-Glo™ Assays? faq_009 - Which plates to choose for fluorescence and luminescence measurements? For the answers to more Frequently Asked Questions see our FAQs database. Archives by Application
cell proliferation & apoptosisfaq_009 - Which plates to choose for fluorescence and luminescence measurements? 0074 - How might environmental factors affect the cell-based MultiTox-Fluor, MultiTox-Glo, CytoTox-Fluor™ and CytoTox-Glo™ Assays? 0029 - How do you use the FITC-VAD-FMK In Situ Marker of apoptosis to label cells undergoing apoptosis? 0006 - The CytoTox 96® Non-Radioactive Cytotoxicity Assay is designed for use with a target cell type and an effector cell type to measure cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Can it be used with a single cell type to determine the cytotoxicity of a chemical compound or other treatment? more apoptosis and cell viability FAQs cloning0068 - Can carbenicillin be substituted for ampicillin when selecting for the pGEM® Vectors? 0060 - Why do few of my pGEM®-T or pGEM®-T Easy Vector clones contain the PCR product of interest? 0047 - What is necessary to clone PCR product into a pGEM®-T vector? 0040 - Should I use Calf Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase (CIAP) or Shrimp Alkaline Phosphatase (SAP) to dephosphorylate the 5′ ends of DNA? 0036 - Which DNA polymerase is preferred for removal of a 3´ DNA overhang or for filling in a 5´ overhang? 0030 - What is the largest insert a Promega plasmid vector will accept? 0026 - What are the effects of the bacterial DNA restriction-modification systems on cloning and manipulations of DNA in E. coli? 0025 - Why is it necessary to add dNTPs when using the 3´ exonuclease activity of T4 DNA Polymerase to convert a 3´ overhang to a blunt end? 0024 - How does one generate single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) from the pGEM®-T Vector? 0020 - Are the JM109 cells supplied with my vector competent? Are they already transformed with the plasmid? Must Promega plasmids be grown in the supplied JM109 cells? more FAQs on this topic DNA & RNA purification0069 - What type of analytical agarose gel do I need for my RNA samples? 0067 - How is a plasmid purified from a bacterial cell without contaminating genomic DNA? 0059 - How do I determine the concentration, yield and purity of a DNA sample? 0057 - Which samples can be used with the SV Total RNA Isolation System? 0039 - Can the Wizard® SV and SV 96 Genomic DNA Purification Systems be used with whole blood or leukocytes? 0038 - For what downstream applications is genomic DNA purified using the Wizard® SV and the SV 96 Genomic DNA Purification Systems suitable? 0037 - How do the Wizard® SV and the SV 96 Genomic DNA Purification Systems work? 0021 - What methods exist to remove endotoxin contamination of plasmid DNA? 0015 - What types of carriers are recommended to increase the efficiency of ethanol precipitation in a dilute nucleic acid solution? 0010 - Can I use plasmid DNA from the Wizard® Plus SV Minipreps System for automated fluorescent DNA sequencing? 0009 - How can one increase the throughput of the Wizard® Genomic DNA Purification Kit? 0003 - What are the differences between the Wizard® Plus Minipreps and the Wizard® Plus SV Minipreps Systems? more FAQs on this topic enzymes0070 - What can I do to prevent star activity in my restriction enzyme digestions? 0066 - Is it normal to find both base incorporation errors and base incorporation bias when sequencing PCR products amplified by GoTaq® DNA Polymerase? 0046 - What is restriction enzyme star activity? 0041 - Can I control the addition of nucleotides to the 3´ end of DNA while using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)? 0040 - Should I use Calf Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase (CIAP) or Shrimp Alkaline Phosphatase (SAP) to dephosphorylate the 5′ ends of DNA? 0036 - Which DNA polymerase is preferred for removal of a 3´ DNA overhang or for filling in a 5´ overhang? 0025 - Why is it necessary to add dNTPs when using the 3´ exonuclease activity of T4 DNA Polymerase to convert a 3´ overhang to a blunt end? 0018 - What are the advantages of using an RNase H minus form of reverse transcriptase? 0016 - How can calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase (CIAP) be inactivated after a dephosphorylation reaction? 0004 - Why select Pfu DNA Polymerase over Taq DNA Polymerase? How should an amplification reaction containing Pfu DNA Polymerase be prepared? 0002 - How does one perform a double or multiple restriction enzyme digestion? 0001 - What is an analytical restriction enzyme reaction? gene expression & reporters assaysfaq_009 - Which plates to choose for fluorescence and luminescence measurements? 0064 - How do I prepare a firefly luciferase standard curve? 0049 - Can I use a fluorometer rather than a luminometer to measure my luciferase activity? Can I use a liquid scintillation counter? 0042 - What are some of the differences between Renilla luciferase and firefly luciferase? 0034 - What protein assays are compatible with Promega's lysis buffers? 0032 - Can the β-Galactosidase Assay System be used with Promega’s five different cell lysis buffers? 0023 - What is the genetic reporter instrument package supplied with the Turner Designs Luminometer Model TD-20/20? 0013 - Which pRL Vector should I use for Dual-Luciferase® Reporter Assay? more FAQs on this topic generalfaq_009 - Which plates to choose for fluorescence and luminescence measurements? 0073 - How are competent bacterial cells transformed with a plasmid? 0071 - What type of analytical agarose gel do I need for my RNA samples? 0070 - What can I do to prevent star activity in my restriction enzyme digestions? 0068 - Can carbenicillin be substituted for ampicillin when selecting for the pGEM® Vectors? 0065 - What percentage agarose gel is needed to sufficiently resolve my DNA sample? 0052 - Why does denatured DNA absorb more ultraviolet light than double-stranded DNA? 0033 - Where can I find technical information about Promega's products online? 0028 - What is an absorbance unit? 0019 - Promega has many gel loading buffers. Which one do I use? 0017 - Can a biotin:streptavidin complex be disrupted? 0011 - Why doesn't the number on my Promega product correspond to the Cat.#? in vitro transcription0058 - Is there a method for non-radioactive labeling of proteins? 0050 - What features of a DNA template are necessary for efficient transcription and translation in an in vitro transcription/translation system? 0051 - Are proteins produced by an in vitro transcription/translation system using Transcend™ tRNA functional? 0044 - How much protein will be synthesized in a TNT® Coupled Reticulocyte Lysate System reaction? 0035 - How can I increase the protein yield from my TNT® Coupled Reticulocyte Lysate System reaction? 0031 - Three common questions about the TNT® Quick Coupled Rabbit Reticulocyte Lysate System 0012 - What are the important design features of PCR primers used to generate linear template for TNT® Coupled in vitro Transcription/Translation Systems? 0007 - Does capping of in vitro transcribed mRNAs increase their translation in rabbit reticulocyte lysates? more FAQs on this topic mutagenesis0008 - In the GeneEditor™ in vitro Site-Directed Mutagenesis System, which one of the two selection oligonucleotides should I use with my specific mutagenic oligonucleotide designed to mutate the gene insert? more FAQs on this topic pcr0066 - Is it normal to find both base incorporation errors and base incorporation bias when sequencing PCR products amplified by GoTaq® DNA Polymerase? 0056 - What is real-time PCR? 0047 - What is necessary for cloning a PCR product into a T vector? 0012 - What are the important design features of PCR primers used to generate linear template for TNT® Coupled in vitro Transcription/Translation Systems? 0004 - Why select Pfu DNA Polymerase over Taq DNA Polymerase? How should an amplification reaction containing Pfu DNA Polymerase be prepared? more FAQs on this topic protein0069 - Can I detect a protein expressed in the TNT® Coupled Transcription/Translation using Coomassie® blue-stained SDS-PAGE? 0063 - Does the Anti-HaloTag® pAb recognize the HaloTag® 7 protein? 0062 - What source of [35S]-methionine is suggested for use with in vitro protein expression applications? 0053 - I am using a reticulocyte lysate-based translation system to express my protein. How can I reduce the background on my Western blots? 0048 - How do I determine the apparent molecular weight of a protein? 0045 - Are Promega lysis buffers compatible with Western blotting? 0043 - How does the stacking gel increase resolution during SDS-PAGE? 0034 - What protein assays are compatible with Promega's lysis buffers? 0014 - What is a "Kozak consensus sequence"? signal transduction (& neuroscience)0022 - What is the progression of events in apoptosis, and what Promega products are available for its study? 0005 - How does the MEK inhibitor U0126 compare to PD098059 in activity? more FAQs on this topic transfection0061 - How do I stably select for my vector in mammalian cells? 0054 - What factors influence the success of a transfection experiment? 0055 - How can I optimize my transfection experiments for best results? 0027 - How is the DNA:lipid reagent ratio calculated for Promega's TransFast™, Tfx™ and Transfectam® Reagents? more FAQs on this topic vectors0068 - Can carbenicillin be substituted for ampicillin when selecting for the pGEM® Vectors? 0030 - What is the largest insert a Promega plasmid vector will accept? 0025 - Why is it necessary to add dNTPs when using the 3´ exonuclease activity of T4 DNA Polymerase to convert a 3´ overhang to a blunt end? 0024 - How does one generate single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) from the pGEM®-T Vector? 0013 - Which pRL Vector should I use for Dual-Luciferase® Reporter Assay?
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