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| 1. |
Je, H-S., Zhou, J., Yang, F., and Lu, B.
(2005)
Distinct mechanisms for neurotrophin-3-induced acute and long-term synaptic potentiation.
J. Neurosci.
25
,
11719-11729
.
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Notes:
This study investigated the mechanisms of acute and long-term synaptic modulation by neurotrophin-3 (NT-3). The investigators used the Xenopus neuromuscular junction synapse as a model system in which to characterize the effects of short- and long-term exposure to NT-3. Three features were found to be required for long-term, but not acute, effects: 1) endocytosis of the NT-3-receptor complex, 2) Akt activation, and, 3) new protein synthesis. As part of the investigation biotinylated NT-3 was supplied to cultures on streptavidin-coated beads, which were too large to be internalized by endocytosis. In this experiment long-term effects were eliminated but acute effects were unchanged, supporting the requirement for endocytosis of NT-3 for long-term effects. To confirm that NT-3 was tightly bound to the beads, the NT-3-coated beads were vortexed for 30 seconds, and the supernatant collected by centrifugation (5 minutes) and assayed for NT-3 content using the NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System.
(0003501) |
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Products: NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 2. |
Baker-Herman, T.L., Fuller, D.D., Bavis, R.W., Zabka, A.G., Golder, F.J., Doperalski, N.J., Johnson, R.A., Watters, J.J., and Mitchell, G.S.
(2004)
BDNF is necessary and sufficient for spinal respiratory plasticity following intermittent hypoxia.
Nat. Neurosci.
7
,
45-55
.
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Notes:
The NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System was used to examine NT-3 levels in adult rat spinal cord following intrathecal injection of siRNAs. The C3-C5 sections of the spinal cord were dissected after treatment and homogenized in a cold extraction buffer (Tris-buffered saline [pH 8.0], 1% NP-40, 10% glycerol, 5mM sodium metavanadate, 10mM PMSF, 100μg/ml aprotinin and 10μg/ml leupeptin). The homogenates were acid treated, cleared by centrifugation, and then analyzed with the NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System. Results were normalized by a protein assay. The researchers also used Promega’s recombinant human BDNF for phrenic activity studies on rats. In these experiments BDNF was dissolved in artificial cerebral spinal fluid containing 0.1%BSA.
(0003043) |
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Products: NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System | rhBDNF |
| 3. |
Guha, U., Gomes, W.A., Samanta, J., Gupta, M., Rice, F.L. and Kessler, J.A.
(2004)
Target-derived BMP signaling limits sensory neuron number and the extent of peripheral innervation in vivo.
Development
131
,
1175–86
.
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Notes:
To study the role of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) in the development of peripheral sensory neurons, transgenic mice were created that overexpressed either a BMP inhibitor, noggin, or a ligand, BMP4. To determine if the increased trigeminal innervation and neuron numbers seen in these mice were due to increased neurotrophin levels, the mystacial (whisker) pads of 3-day-old mice were tested for the presence of NGF, BDNF and NT-3 using each of the corresponding Emax® ImmunoAssay Systems. The results indicated there were no significant changes in neurotrophin levels except for a decrease in NT-3 in the noggin transgenic mice.
(0003337) |
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Products: BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NGF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 4. |
Ruitenberg, M., Plant, G., Hamers, F., Wortel, J., Blits, B., Dijkhuizen, P., Gispen, W., Boer, G. and Verhaagen, J.
(2003)
Ex vivo adenoviral vector-mediated neurotrophin gene transfer to olfactory ensheathing glia: Effects on rubrospinal tract regeneration, lesion size, and functional recovery after implantation in the injured rat spinal cord.
J. Neurosci.
23
,
7045-7058
.
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Notes:
Both the BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System and the NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System were used to determine neurotrophin levels in olfactory bulb nerve layer isolated from adult female Fischer F344 rats. The primary cells were infected with adenovirus vectors expressing BDNF and NT-3 and the media assayed 3 days later.
(0002803) |
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Products: BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 5. |
Boukhaddaoui, H., Sieso, V., Scamps, F. and Valmier, J.
(2001)
An activity-dependent neurotrophin-3 autocrine loop regulates the phenotype of developing hippocampal pyramidal neurons before target contact.
J. Neurosci.
21
,
8789-8797
.
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Notes:
Rat embryonic hippocampal neurons were obtained from pregnant Sprague Dawley rats and the NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System was used to assess NT-3 levels. The ELISA protocol was modified as follows: after blocking the plate, neurons were added, also, calcium channel blockers were added after four hours. Thereafter the protocol was as given in the NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System Technical Bulletin.
(0002806) |
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Products: NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 6. |
Horton, C.D., Qi, Y., Chikaraishi, D., and Wang J.K.
(2001)
Neurotrophin-3 mediates the autocrine survival of the catecholaminergic CAD CNS neuronal cell line.
J. Neurochem.
76
,
201-9
.
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Notes:
A novel catecholaminergic central nervous system cell line capable of autocrine survival mediated by neurotrophin-3 was characterized. This mouse cell line, CAD, can survive and differentiate in the absence of exogenously provided neurotrophic factors. NT-3 levels in CAD extracts were quantitated using Promega's NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System.
(0002337) |
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Products: NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 7. |
Lee, P.G., Zhuo, H., and C.J. Helke
(2001)
Axotomy alters neurotrophin and neurotrophin receptor mRNAs in the vagus nerve and nodose ganglion of the rat.
Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res.
87
,
31-41
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Notes:
Protein and mRNA levels of various neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors were analyzed in transected cervical vagus nerve and nodose ganglion. Nerve growth factor and neurotrophin-3 protein levels were measured using Promega's NGF Emax® ImmunoAssay System and NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System, respectively.
(0002336) |
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Products: NGF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 8. |
Lambert, W., Agarwal, R., Howe, W., Clark, A. and Wordinger, R.
(2001)
Neurotrophin and neurotrophin receptor expression by cells of the human lamina cribrosa.
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.
42
,
2315 - 2323
.
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Notes:
Used NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System, NT-4 Emax® ImmunoAssay System, BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System and NGF Emax® ImmunoAssay System to monitor secreted neurotrophins from human lamina cribrosa cells and human optic nerve head astrocytes. After a 72-hour treatment with serum-free medium containing 0.5 mg/ml BSA, the media was removed and then assayed for the respective neurotrophin.
(0002796) |
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Products: BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 9. |
Das, K.P., Chao, S.L., White, L.D., Haines, W.T., Harry, G.J., Tilson, H.A., and Barone, S. Jr.
(2001)
Differential patterns of nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 mRNA and protein levels in developing regions of rat brain.
Neuroscience
103
,
739-761
.
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Notes:
Regional and temporal patterns of neurotrophin messenger RNA and protein levels were characterized in the developing rat hippocampus, neocortex and cerebellum on postnatal days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 92. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor nerve growth factor, and neurotropin-3 protein levels were determined using Promega's BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System, NGF Emax® ImmunoAssay System, and NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System.
(0002319) |
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Products: BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NGF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 10. |
Woodhall E., West A.K., and Chuah M.I..
(2001)
Cultured olfactory ensheathing cells express nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glia cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and their receptors.
Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res.
88
,
203-213
.
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Notes:
Transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells into lesions in the central nervous system is able to stimulate the growth of axons and in some cases restore functional connections. To investigate the mechanism, the authors quantitated the production of growth factors and expression of corresponding receptors by rat olfactory ensheathing cells. Levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial-cell-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, and neurotrophin-3 were monitored using Promega's BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System, GDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System, NGF Emax® ImmunoAssay System, and NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System, respectively.
(0002318) |
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Products: BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | GDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NGF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 11. |
Yurek, D.M., and Fletcher-Turner, A.
(2001)
Differential expression of GDNF, BDNF, and NT-3 in the aging nigrostriatal system following a neurotoxic lesion.
Brain Res.
891
,
228-35
.
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Notes:
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, and neurotrophin-3 protein levels were quantitated in the striatum and ventral midbrain of young and aged rats following a lesion of the nigrostriatal system. BDNF, GDNF, and neurotrophin-3 levels were monitored using Promega's BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System, GDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System and NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System, respectively.
(0002324) |
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Products: BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | GDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 12. |
Blondel, O., Collin, C., McCarran, W.J., Zhu, S., Zamostiano, R., Gozes, I., Brenneman, D.E., and McKay R.D.
(2000)
A glia-derived signal regulating neuronal differentiation.
J. Neurosci.
20
,
8012-20
.
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Notes:
Rat hippocampal neurons were used to demonstrate that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide promotes neuronal differentiation through activity-dependent neurotrophic factor (ADNF) which causes secretion of neurotrophin 3. NT-3 levels in the cultured medium were quantitated using Promega's NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System.
(0002338) |
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Products: NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 13. |
Heese, K., Otten, U., Mathivet, P., Raiteri, M., Marescaux, C., Bernasconi, R.
(2000)
GABAB receptor antagonists nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) but not neurtrophin-3 (NT-3) in brain and spinal cord of rats.
Neuropharmacology
39
,
449-462
.
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Notes:
Rats were injected with a GABAB receptor antagonists and neurotrophin levels were analyzed in the cortex, hippocampus, and spinal cord 24-, 48-, 72- and 96-hour postinjection. The BDNF levels rose up to 2.5-fold over control levels in all three regions and reached a maximum at 72 hours. NT-3 levels decreased to 50% of control values within 48 hours. The BDNF levels were measured with the BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System (BDNF ELISA), and NT-3 levels were measured with the NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System (NT-3 ELISA).
(0001076) |
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Products: BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 14. |
Perez-Navarro, E., Canudas, A.M., Akerund, P., Alberch, J., and Arenas, E.
(2000)
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3, and neurotrophin-4/5 prevent the death of striatal projection neurons in a rodent model of Huntington's disease.
J. Neurochem.
75
,
2190-9
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Notes:
A rat model of Huntington's disease was employed to determine whether neurotrophins are able to promote the survival of striatal projection neurons in vivo. Results suggest that BDNF might be beneficial for the treatment of striatonigral degenerative disorders, including Huntington's disease. BDNF and NT-3 levels in rat striatum were quantitated using Promega's BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System and NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System, respectively.
(0002323) |
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Products: BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 15. |
Xia, Y.X., Ikeda, T., Xia, X.Y., Ikenoue, T.
(2000)
Differential neurotrophin levels in cerebrospinal fluid and their changes during development in newborn rat.
Neurosci. Lett.
280
,
220-222.
.
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Notes:
The levels of BDNF, NT-3 and NGF were examined in the cerebrospinal fluid of newborn rats (80 per sample) from postnatal day 1-21. NGF levels were consistently higher than the other neurotrophins ranging from 136pg/ml (day 21) to 607pg/ml (day 17) depending upon the day tested. NT-3 was the next most abundant ranging from approximately 40pg/ml (day 19) to 144pg/ml (day 7). BDNF was the least abundant ranging from 19.2pg/ml (day 5) to as high as 65pg/ml (day 13). NGF was determined with the NGF Emax® ImmunoAssay System (NGF ELISA), NT-3 levels were determined with the NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System (NT-3 ELISA), and BDNF levels were determined with the BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System (BDNF ELISA).
(0000167) |
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Products: Anti-NGF mAb | BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NGF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 16. |
Vizzard, M.A., Wu, K.H., Jewett, I.T.
(2000)
Developmental expression of urinary bladder neurotrophic factor mRNA and protein in the neonatal rat.
Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res.
119
,
217-224.
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Notes:
The amounts of neurotrophins NGF, NT-3 and NT-4 were examined in the bladders of Wistar rats at various times after birth up to adulthood. NGF ranged from 5ng per bladder (day 5) to10ng per bladder (day 15). NT-3 ranged from less than 1ng per bladder at postnatal day 30 to as high as about 18ng per bladder in adulthood. NT-4 ranged from about 1ng per bladder on day 30 to more than 40ng per bladder in adulthood. NGF, NT-3, and BDNF protein levels were determined with the NGF Emax® ImmunoAssay System, NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System, and BDNF levels Emax® ImmunoAssay System, respectively. Extraction procedures are detailed.
(0000228) |
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Products: Anti-Human NT-3 pAb | BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NGF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 17. |
Heaton, M.B., Mitchell, J.J., Paiva, M., Walker, D.W.
(2000)
Ethanol-induced alterations in the expression of neurotrophic factors in the developing rat central nervous system.
Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res.
121
,
97-107
.
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Notes:
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor nerve growth factor, neurotrophin-3 levels were quantitated in neonatal and early postnatal rat hippocampus, septum, cortex/striatum and cerebellum using Promega's BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System, NGF Emax® ImmunoAssay System, and NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System, respectively.
(0002312) |
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Products: Anti-Human BDNF pAb | BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NGF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 18. |
Hock, C., Heese, K., Mueller-Spahn, F., Huber, P., Riesen, W., Nitsch, R.M., and Otten, U.
(2000)
Increased CSF levels of nerve growth factor in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.
Neurology
54
,
2009-2011
.
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Notes:
The levels of various nerve growth factors were quantitated in the cerebrospinal fluid from Alzheimer's disease patients, nondemented control subjects, and age-matched patients with major depression. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-4, and neurotrophin-3 levels were determined using Promega's BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System, NT-4 Emax® ImmunoAssay System, and NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System, respectively.
(0002317) |
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Products: Anti-Human BDNF pAb | Anti-Human NT-3 pAb | BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 19. |
Wiese, S., Metzger, F., Holtmann, B., Sendtner, M.
(1999)
The role of p75NTR in modulating neurotrophin survival effects in developing motoneurons.
Eur. J. Neurosci.
11
,
1668-1676
.
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Notes:
The BDNF Emax® System; the NGF Emax® System and the NT-3 Emax® System were each used to quantitate how much of BDNF, NGF and NT-3, respectively, were put into cultures of wildtype and p75NTR-deficient mouse motoneuron cultures.
(0000186) |
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Products: BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NGF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 20. |
Virchow, J.C., Julius, P., Lommatzsch, M., Luttmann, W., Renz, H. and Braun, A.
(1998)
Neurotrophins are increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after segmental allergen provocation.
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
158 (6)
,
2002-2005
.
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Notes:
Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from human patients were analyzed with the BDNF, NT-3 and NGF Emax® ImmunoAssay Systems. Details of the lavage procedure are provided. BDNF, NT-3 and NGF data were expressed as an average of duplicates in picograms per milliliter.
(0002740) |
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Products: BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NGF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 21. |
Bianchi, L.M., Dolnick, R., Medd, A., Cohan, C.S.
(1998)
Developmental changes in growth factors released by the embryonic inner ear
Exp. Neurol.
150
,
98-106
.
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Notes:
Conditioned media from rat embryonic inner ear cultures was concentrated and analyzed by Western blotting with the Anti-Human BDNF pAb, Anti-Human NT-3 pAb and the Anti-Rat CNTF pAb. The conditioned media and various amounts of the growth factors were blotted together and developed. The Anti-BDNF pAb, Anti-NT-3 pAb and Anti-CNTF pAb were blotted with 50ng and 10ng of the respective factor along with 50ng of each of the other two factors. The Western analysis detected immunoreactivity only for NT-3 in the conditioned media. Some cross reactivity of the Anti-BDNF pAb for NT-3 and the Anti-NT-3 pAb are reported but clearly each has a preference for the respective factor. Cross reactivity to some level can be expected since both are members of the NGF family of growth factors and the proteins were denatured. As expected, no cross-reactivity with CNTF was observed since it is a different class of growth factor more closely related to cytokines. Inner ear and brain homogenates were analyzed with the BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System and the NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System. Inner ear homogenates contained 59pg/ml of BDNF and 320pg/ml NT-3. Brain homogenates produced 440pg/ml BDNF and 436pg/ml NT-3. The BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay did not recognized NT-3 at levels as high as 600ng/ml and the NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay did not recognize BDNF at levels as high as 1ng/ml.
(0000026) |
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Products: Anti-Human BDNF pAb | Anti-Human NT-3 pAb | Anti-Rat CNTF pAb | BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 22. |
Botchkarev, V.A., Welker, P., Albers, K.M., Botchkareva, N.V., Metz, M., Lewin, G.R., Bulfone-Paus, S., Peters, E.M.J., Lindner, G. and Paus, R.
(1998)
A new role for neurotrophin-3: Involvement in the regulation of hair follicle regression (catagen).
Am. J. Pathol.
153
,
785-799
.
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Notes:
The NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System was used to quantitate the levels of NT-3 in samples of skin from mice. Excellent detail is provided for tissue processing prior to assay. The Anti-Human NT-3 pAb was also used for immunohistochemistry of 8µm cryostat sections of mouse skin. The factor, Neurotrophin-3, was used for skin organ culture.
(0001433) |
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Products: Anti-Human NT-3 pAb | NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 23. |
Haase, G., Kennel, P., Pettman, D., Vigne, E., Alki, S., Revah, F., Schmalbruch, H. and Kahn, A.
(1997)
Gene therapy of murine motor neuron disease using adenoviral vectors for neurotrophic factors.
Nat. Med.
3
,
429-436
.
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Notes:
The NT-3 Emax ImmunoAssay System was used to determine NT-3 levels in mouse muscle and serum from animals expressing NT-3 from an adenoviral vector. Good detail is given for muscle tissue extraction.
(0001576) |
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Products: NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 24. |
Okragly, A.J. and Haak-Frendscho, M.
(1997)
An acid-treatment method for the enhanced detection of GDNF in biological samples
Exp. Neurol.
145(2 Pt 1)
,
592-6
.
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Notes:
The levels of GDNF, NGF, and NT-3 were quantitated in various mouse tissues, including spleen, muscle, heart, lung, liver, kidney, bladder, gastrointestinal tract, brain, and serum. Additional samples screened for NGF included pig, goat, horse, chicken, rabbit, sheep, and bovine serum and rat brain. Samples were untreated or acid treated by acidification to pH <3.0 followed by neutralization to pH 7.6. In all tissue samples and most serum samples, the detectable levels of GDNF, NGF and NT-3 increased up to 35-fold. It is thought that the acidification process promotes dissociation of receptors and associated proteins making the neurotrophins more accessible. Levels of GDNF, NGF, and NT-3 were determined using the GDNF, NGF, and NT-3 Emax ImmunoAssay Systems, respectively. Please note that the coat antibody in the NGF Emax ImmunoAssay System was changed 12/2002 and may affect cross-reactivity.
(0003105) |
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Products: Anti-Human GDNF pAb | GDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NGF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |