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| 1. |
Simonetti, M., Giniatullin, R., and Fabbretti, E.
(2008)
Mechanism mediating the enhanced transcription of P2X3 receptor gene by calcitonin gene related peptide in trigeminal sensory neurons.
J. Biol. Chem.
May 6
,
Epub (ahead of print)
.
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Notes:
These authors investigated the mechanism of action of the migraine mediator calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which is known to sensitize the P2X3 pain receptors to increase impulse flow to brain stem trigeminal nuclei. They showed that CAM KII inhibitors prevented CGRP-induced upregulation of P2X3 mRNA using real-time RT-PCR, and then confirmed that active CAM KII was involved in the signaling mechanism by staining with Anti-ACTIVE® CAM KII Antibodies. The immunoreactivity was upregulated by CGRP treatment of trigeminal neurons, and the distribution of the active CAM KII was localized to the membrane region. They then examined the mechanism of transcriptional activation of the P2X3 pain receptor genes and showed that the transcription factor CREB, which is known to be dependent on CAM KII for activation and nuclear localization, was involved. The authors also investigated the role of BDNF in the process, because CGRP is known to promote BDNF expression by trigeminal neurons, and because BDNF is thought to be involved in pain processing. They used the BDNF Emax Immunoassay System to measure BDNF levels in culture media after application of CGRP to neuronal cell cultures, and demonstrated that there was a fourfold increase in BDNF after CGRP exposure. They also showed that BDNF promoted CAMKII and CREB activation.
(0003873) |
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Products: Anti-ACTIVE® CaM KII pAb, Rabbit, (pT286) | BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 2. |
Borrell-Pages, M., Canals, J.M., Cordelieres, F.P., Parker, J.A., Pineda, J.R., Grange, G., Bryson, E.A., Guillermier, M., Hirsch, E., Hantraye, P., Cheetham, M.E., Neri, C., Alberch, J., Brouillet, E., Saudou, F., and Humbert, S.
(2006)
Cystamine and cysteamine increase brain levels of BDNF in Huntington disease via HSJ1b and transglutaminase.
J. Clin. Invest.
116
,
1410-1424
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Notes:
This study showed that the heat-shock DnaJ-containing protein 1b (HSJ1b) and cystamine are neuroprotective in Huntington disease and act by increasing release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which is critical for the survival of striatal neurons. Mouse neuronal cells were transfected with vectors expressing BDNF, HSJ1b, or with a negative control (empty) vector. HSJ1b was shown to significantly increase BDNF release. Treatment of cells with cystamine, a candidate drug for treatment of Huntington disease, also increased BDNF release. RNA interference experiments showed that in cells where HSJ1b expression was reduced, cystamine no longer stimulated BDNF release, indicating that HSJ1b was required for the protective effect mediated by cystamine. In all these experiments the amount of BDNF in the cultured cell supernatants was measured using the BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System.
(0003480) |
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Products: BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 3. |
Kermani, P., Rafil, D., Jin, D.K., Whitlock, P., Schaffer, W., Chiang, A., Vincent, L., Friedrich, M., Shido, K., Hackett, N.R., Crystal, R.G., Rafil, S., and Hempstead, B.L.
(2005)
Neurotrophins promote revascularization by local recruitment of TrkB+ endothelial cells and systemic mobilization of hematopoietic progenitors.
J. Clin. Invest.
115
,
653-663
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Notes:
This study investigated the angiogenic potential of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in ischemic and non-ischemic tissues of adult mice. As part of this study, recombinant Adenovirus encoding rat BDNF was administered to mice via tail-vein injection, and BDNF levels in plasma were then monitored using the BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System.
(0003473) |
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Products: BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 4. |
Pearse, R.N., Swendeman, S.L., Li, Y., Rafil, D. and Hempstead, B.L.
(2005)
A neurotrophin axis in myeloma: TrkB and BDNF promote tumor cell survival.
Blood
105
,
4429-4435
.
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Notes:
In this study, the BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System was used to measure BDNF levels in heparinized bone marrow plasma from patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and in control samples. The ELISA analysis was used to establish that BDNF is secreted from primary MM cells in vivo.
(0003474) |
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Products: BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 5. |
McGough, N.N., He, D.Y., Logrip, M.L., Jeanblanc, J., Phamluong, K., Luong, K., Kharazia, V., Janak, P.H. and Ron D.
(2004)
RACK1 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor: a homeostatic pathway that regulates alcohol addiction.
J. Neurosci.
24
,
10542-10552
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Notes:
The authors examine the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in alcohol addition. RNA was isolated from primary rat hippocampal neurons cultured in the absence or presence of ethanol. The RNA was reverse transcribed using the Reverse Transcription System, and BDNF and GPDH RNAs were quantitated by fluorescent real-time PCR. BDNF and nerve growth factor (NGF) protein levels were monitored using the BNDF and NGF Emax® ImmunoAssay Systems.
(0003441) |
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Products: BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NGF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | Reverse Transcription System |
| 6. |
Heerssen, H.M., Pazyra, M.F. and Segal, R.A.
(2004)
Dynein motors transport activated Trks to promote survival of target-dependent neurons.
Nat. Neurosci.
7
,
596-604
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Notes:
This paper describes an assay to test BDNF dissociation from FluoSpheres (amine-modified microspheres, 1μM diameter; Molecular Probes). BDNF was covalently attached to the microspheres. Release of BDNF was tested in supernatants from the BDNF-microspheres in PBS, in complete media, and in culture with rat Dorsal root ganglia. Promega’s BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System was used to determine the amounts of BDNF in these samples. The DeadEnd™ Fluorometric TUNEL System was used to examine rat Dorsal root ganglia cells that had been transfected with either dynamitin or β-Galactosidase. In the TUNEL experiments, cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and counterstained with DAPI. Cells were also stained with Promega’s Anti-β-Galactosidase, Purified Monoclonal Antibody. For these immunocytochemical stains, a 1:500 dilution of Anti-β-Galactosidase antibody and a 1:1,500 dilution of a secondary antibody conjugated to Alexa Fluor-488 (Molecular Probes) were used. The stains were visualized by fluorescence microscopy.
(0003055) |
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Products: Anti-β-Galactosidase, Purified Monoclonal Antibody | BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | DeadEnd™ Fluorometric TUNEL System |
| 7. |
Guha, U., Gomes, W.A., Samanta, J., Gupta, M., Rice, F.L. and Kessler, J.A.
(2004)
Target-derived BMP signaling limits sensory neuron number and the extent of peripheral innervation in vivo.
Development
131
,
1175–86
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Notes:
To study the role of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) in the development of peripheral sensory neurons, transgenic mice were created that overexpressed either a BMP inhibitor, noggin, or a ligand, BMP4. To determine if the increased trigeminal innervation and neuron numbers seen in these mice were due to increased neurotrophin levels, the mystacial (whisker) pads of 3-day-old mice were tested for the presence of NGF, BDNF and NT-3 using each of the corresponding Emax® ImmunoAssay Systems. The results indicated there were no significant changes in neurotrophin levels except for a decrease in NT-3 in the noggin transgenic mice.
(0003337) |
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Products: BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NGF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 8. |
Szapacs, M.E., Numis, A.L. and Andrews, A.M.
(2004)
Late onset loss of hippocampal 5-HT and NE is accompanied by increases in BDNF protein expression in mice co-expressing mutant APP and PS1.
Neurobiol. Dis.
16(3)
,
572-580
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Notes:
In this study of factors that may contribute to Familial Alzheimer's disease, transgenic mice expressing mutant amyloid precursor protein and mutant presenilin 1 protein were constructed. The levels and effects of several neurotransmitters and BDNF were evaluated by either HPLC analysis or by immunodetection using the BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System. The authors describe a method for extraction of BDNF from mouse brain that gives a recovery rate of approximately 70% compared to 2-5% recovery with the standard procedure as given in the BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System protocol.
(0003121) |
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Products: BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 9. |
Ruitenberg, M., Plant, G., Hamers, F., Wortel, J., Blits, B., Dijkhuizen, P., Gispen, W., Boer, G. and Verhaagen, J.
(2003)
Ex vivo adenoviral vector-mediated neurotrophin gene transfer to olfactory ensheathing glia: Effects on rubrospinal tract regeneration, lesion size, and functional recovery after implantation in the injured rat spinal cord.
J. Neurosci.
23
,
7045-7058
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Notes:
Both the BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System and the NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System were used to determine neurotrophin levels in olfactory bulb nerve layer isolated from adult female Fischer F344 rats. The primary cells were infected with adenovirus vectors expressing BDNF and NT-3 and the media assayed 3 days later.
(0002803) |
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Products: BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 10. |
Grimm, J., Lu, L., Hayashi, T., Hope, B., Su, T. and Shaham, Y.
(2003)
Time-dependent increases in brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein levels within the mesolimbic dopamine system after withdrawal from cocaine: implications for incubation of cocaine craving.
J. Neurosci.
23
,
742-747
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Notes:
The BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System and the NGF Emax® ImmunoAssay System were used to assay the levels of neurotrophinin in male Long–Evans rat brains. After cocaine consumption, brain tissue was homogenized and the BDNF and NGF levels assayed.
(0002805) |
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Products: BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NGF Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 11. |
Maswood, N., Young, J., Tilmont, E., Zhang, Z., Gash, D.M., Gerhardt, G.A., Grondin, R., Roth, G.S., Mattison, J., Lane, M.A., Carson, R.E., Cohen, R.M., Mouton, P.R., Quigley, C., Mattson, M.P. and Ingram, D.K.
(2003)
Caloric restriction increases neurotrophic factor levels and attenuates neurochemical and behavioral deficits in a primate model of Parkinson's disease.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A
101
,
18171–6
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Notes:
Adult male rhesus monkeys were divided into two groups to model the effect of calorie-restriction on the progress of Parkinson’s disease. Caudate nucleus samples from both sides of the brain were taken 16–18 weeks after inducing hemiparkinsonism. Levels of neurotrophins were measured using the BDNF and GDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay Systems. The amount of BDNF and GDNF were compared to the total protein present in each sample and expressed as picogram per milligram units.
(0003335) |
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Products: BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | GDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 12. |
Zhang, Y., Li, M., Drozda, M., Chen, M., Ren, S., Mejia, Sanchez R.O., Leavitt, B.R., Cattaneo, E., Ferrante, R.J., Hayden, M.R. and Friedlander, R.M.
(2003)
Depletion of wild-type huntingtin in mouse models of neurologic diseases.
J. Neurochem.
87
,
101-106
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Notes:
BDNF levels in mouse brains were evaluated using the BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System and compared with with BDNF levels in spinal cords of end-stage ALS. Samples were not acid treated to allow measurement of free, mature BDNF.
(0002808) |
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Products: BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 13. |
Lauterborn, J.C., Truong, G.S., Baudry, M., Bi, X., Lynch, G. and Gall, C.M.
(2003)
Chronic elevation of brain derived neurotrophic factor by ampakines.
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.
307
,
297-305
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Notes:
Cultured hippocampal slices were prepared from Sprague-Dawley rat pups (9–10 days postnatal). After exposure to positive AMPA receptor modulators, the slices were homogenized and total BDNF protein content measured using the BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System.
(0002812) |
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Products: BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 14. |
Neal, M., Cunningham, J., Lever, I., Pezet, S. and Malcangio, M.
(2003)
Mechanism by which brain-derived neurotrophic factor increases dopamine release from the rabbit retina.
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.
44
,
791-798
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Notes:
In this paper, the BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System was used to analyze BDNF levels in homogenized retina tissue from New Zealand White Rabbits.
(0002817) |
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Products: BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 15. |
Seifer, D., Feng, B., Shelden, R., Chen, S. and Dreyfus, C.
(2002)
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor: A novel human ovarian follicular protein.
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
87
,
655 - 659
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Notes:
The BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System was used with human follicular fluid, granulosa cell culture media oocyte, or embryo culture to measure the amount of BDNF.
(0002801) |
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Products: BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 16. |
Lambert, W., Agarwal, R., Howe, W., Clark, A. and Wordinger, R.
(2001)
Neurotrophin and neurotrophin receptor expression by cells of the human lamina cribrosa.
Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.
42
,
2315 - 2323
.
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Notes:
Used NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System, NT-4 Emax® ImmunoAssay System, BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System and NGF Emax® ImmunoAssay System to monitor secreted neurotrophins from human lamina cribrosa cells and human optic nerve head astrocytes. After a 72-hour treatment with serum-free medium containing 0.5 mg/ml BSA, the media was removed and then assayed for the respective neurotrophin.
(0002796) |
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Products: BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 17. |
Das, K.P., Chao, S.L., White, L.D., Haines, W.T., Harry, G.J., Tilson, H.A., and Barone, S. Jr.
(2001)
Differential patterns of nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 mRNA and protein levels in developing regions of rat brain.
Neuroscience
103
,
739-761
.
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Notes:
Regional and temporal patterns of neurotrophin messenger RNA and protein levels were characterized in the developing rat hippocampus, neocortex and cerebellum on postnatal days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 92. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor nerve growth factor, and neurotropin-3 protein levels were determined using Promega's BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System, NGF Emax® ImmunoAssay System, and NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System.
(0002319) |
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Products: BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NGF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 18. |
Jezierski, M.K., and Sohrabji, F.
(2001)
Neurotrophin expression in the reproductively senescent forebrain is refractory to estrogen stimulation.
Neurobiol. Aging
22
,
309-319
.
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Notes:
The regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor and other neurotrophin ligands and receptors by estrogen was characterized in young adult and reproductively senescent rat brains. BNDF, NT-4, and NGF protein levels were monitored using Promega's BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay, NT-4 Emax® ImmunoAssay System, and NGF Emax® ImmunoAssay Systems, respectively .
(0002320) |
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Products: BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NGF Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 19. |
Woodhall E., West A.K., and Chuah M.I..
(2001)
Cultured olfactory ensheathing cells express nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glia cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and their receptors.
Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res.
88
,
203-213
.
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Notes:
Transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells into lesions in the central nervous system is able to stimulate the growth of axons and in some cases restore functional connections. To investigate the mechanism, the authors quantitated the production of growth factors and expression of corresponding receptors by rat olfactory ensheathing cells. Levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial-cell-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, and neurotrophin-3 were monitored using Promega's BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System, GDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System, NGF Emax® ImmunoAssay System, and NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System, respectively.
(0002318) |
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Products: BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | GDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NGF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 20. |
Yurek, D.M., and Fletcher-Turner, A.
(2001)
Differential expression of GDNF, BDNF, and NT-3 in the aging nigrostriatal system following a neurotoxic lesion.
Brain Res.
891
,
228-35
.
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Notes:
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, and neurotrophin-3 protein levels were quantitated in the striatum and ventral midbrain of young and aged rats following a lesion of the nigrostriatal system. BDNF, GDNF, and neurotrophin-3 levels were monitored using Promega's BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System, GDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System and NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System, respectively.
(0002324) |
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Products: BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | GDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 21. |
Tamatani, M., Matsuyama, T., Yamaguchi, A., Mitsuda, N., Tsukamoto, Y., Taniguchi, M., Che, Y.H., Ozawa, K., Hori, O., Nishimura, H., Yamashita, A., Okabe, M., Yanagi, H., Stern, D.M., Ogawa, S. and Tohyama, M.
(2001)
ORP150 protects against hypoxia/ischemia-induced neuronal death.
Nat. Med.
7
,
317-323
.
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Notes:
Sprague-Dawley rat neuronal cells were cultured and exposed to hypoxia. The neuronal cultures were fractionated into cytosol, supernatant and ER-rich components, and the amount of BDNF determined using the BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System.
(0002811) |
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Products: BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 22. |
Lever, I., Bradbury, E., Cunningham, J., Adelson, D., Jones, M., McMahon, S., Marvizón, J. and Malcangio, M.
(2001)
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is released in the dorsal horn by distinctive patterns of afferent fiber stimulation.
J. Neurosci.
21
,
4469 - 4477
.
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Notes:
The BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System was used with dorsal horn tissue derived from lumbar spinal cord of adult rats. The amount of BDNF was measured after electrical stimulation using low and high frequency pulses.
(0002800) |
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Products: BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 23. |
Gomez-Pinilla, F., Ying, Z., Opazo, P,. Roy, R.R., and Edgerton V.R.
(2001)
Differential regulation by exercise of BDNF and NT-3 in rat spinal cord and skeletal muscle.
Eur. J. Neurosci.
13
,
1078-84
.
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Notes:
The effect of neuromuscular activity on neurotrophin expression in the lumbar spinal cord region and innervating skeletal muscle of adult rats was examined. BDNF protein levels in the soleus muscle after exercise were determined using Promega's BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System.
(0002321) |
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Products: BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 24. |
Heese, K., Otten, U., Mathivet, P., Raiteri, M., Marescaux, C., Bernasconi, R.
(2000)
GABAB receptor antagonists nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) but not neurtrophin-3 (NT-3) in brain and spinal cord of rats.
Neuropharmacology
39
,
449-462
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Notes:
Rats were injected with a GABAB receptor antagonists and neurotrophin levels were analyzed in the cortex, hippocampus, and spinal cord 24-, 48-, 72- and 96-hour postinjection. The BDNF levels rose up to 2.5-fold over control levels in all three regions and reached a maximum at 72 hours. NT-3 levels decreased to 50% of control values within 48 hours. The BDNF levels were measured with the BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System (BDNF ELISA), and NT-3 levels were measured with the NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System (NT-3 ELISA).
(0001076) |
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Products: BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 25. |
Perez-Navarro, E., Canudas, A.M., Akerund, P., Alberch, J., and Arenas, E.
(2000)
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3, and neurotrophin-4/5 prevent the death of striatal projection neurons in a rodent model of Huntington's disease.
J. Neurochem.
75
,
2190-9
.
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Notes:
A rat model of Huntington's disease was employed to determine whether neurotrophins are able to promote the survival of striatal projection neurons in vivo. Results suggest that BDNF might be beneficial for the treatment of striatonigral degenerative disorders, including Huntington's disease. BDNF and NT-3 levels in rat striatum were quantitated using Promega's BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System and NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System, respectively.
(0002323) |
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Products: BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System | NT-3 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |