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| 1. |
Budinger, G.R.S., Mutlu, G.M., Eisenbart, J., Fuller, A.C., Bellmeyer, A.A., Baker, C.M., Wilson, M., Ridge, K., Barrett, T.A., Lee, V.Y. and Chandel, N.S.
(2006)
Proapoptotic Bid is required for pulmonary fibrosis.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A
103
,
4604-4609
.
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Notes:
The authors of this study investigated the role of the mitochondrial-dependent cell death pathway in the development of pulmonary fibrosis after lung injury in a mouse model. The TGFβ1 Emax ImmunoAssay System was used to measure TGFβ1 levels in brochoalveolar lavage fluid from Bid-/- and wildtype mice 5 days after lung injury induced by bleomycin treatment. Mice lacking Bid were protected from pulmonary fibrosis, even although they had similar levels of lung injury, inflammation, and TGFβ1 as wildtype mice 5 days after bleomycin administration. These results indicated that lack of Bid protected against TGFβ1-induced cell death.
(0003471) |
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Products: TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 2. |
Dhandapani, K.M., Wade, F., Mahesh, V.B., and Brann, D
(2005)
Astrocyte-derived transforming growth factor-β mediates the neuroprotective effects of 17β-estradiol: Involvement of nonclassical genomic signaling pathways.
Endocrinology
146
,
2749-2759
.
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Notes:
This study investigated the signaling mechanisms involved in 17β-estradiol- (E2) and tamoxifen-induced release of neurotrophic factors from rat cortical astrocyte cultures. The TGFβ1, TGFβ2, BDNF and GDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay Systems were used to measure the release of these neurotrophic factors from astrocyte cultures treated with E2 or tamoxifen. Both E2 and tamoxifen induced the release of TGFβ1 and TGFβ2, but did not stimulate release of BDNF or GDNF. The PI3K inhibitors LY294002 and wortmanin, and the Akt inhibitor blocked TGFβ release, suggesting the involvement of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The MAPK kinase inhibitors PD98059 and U0126 had no effect. E2 was found to induce transient Akt Ser473 phosphorylation, and this effect was blocked by LY294002 pretreatment, demonstrating a role for PI3K in the observed E2-mediated Akt phosphorylation.
(0003479) |
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Products: LY 294002 | PD 98059 | TGFβ Sample 10X Buffer | TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System | TGFβ2 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 3. |
Behmoaras, J., Osborne-Pellegrin, M., Gauguier, D. and Jacob, M.P.
(2005)
Characteristics of the aortic elastic network and related phenotypes in seven inbred rat strains.
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
288
,
H769–777
.
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Notes:
In this study, the role of genetic factors in influencing extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules essential for vascular function was investigated. Levels of growth factors that affect elastin and collagen, two such ECM molecules, were examined in seven different strains of inbread rats. Aortas of mature, adult male rats (aged 18 weeks) were harvested and extracts prepared. Total and active TGFβ1 was measured in both aortic extracts and plasma using the TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System.
(0003340) |
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Products: TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 4. |
Sarkar, S., Vellaichamy, E., Young, D. and Sen, S.
(2004)
Influence of cytokines and growth factors in ANG II-mediated collagen upregulation by fibroblasts in rats: role of myocytes.
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
287
,
H107–17
.
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Notes:
To examine the role of TGFβ in collagen upregulation in damaged cardiac cells, rat cardiac fibroblasts and myocytes were cultured separately or together, and treated with or without angiotensin II (ANG II), which is known to affect gene expression in both cell types. The culture media was removed and active growth factor measured using 100µl media and both the TGFβ1 and TGFβ2 Emax® ImmunoAssay Systems. This experiment demonstrated that the cocultured cells treated with ANG II produced the highest levels of both TGFβ molecules.
(0003339) |
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Products: TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System | TGFβ2 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 5. |
Ivarsson, M.L., Diamond, M.P., Falk, P. and Holmdahl, L.
(2003)
Plasminogen activator/plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and cytokine modulation by the PROACT System.
Fertil. Steril.
79
,
987-992
.
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Notes:
Researchers used the TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System to analyze human peritoneal tissues from abdominal surgery patients who had been treated with the PROACT™ before incision. Small pieces of peritoneum were analyzed for both total and active concentrations of TGFβ1. Data was tabulated in picograms per milligram of tissue.
(0002734) |
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Products: TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 6. |
Oida, T., Zhang, X., Goto, M., Hachimura, S., Totsuka, M., Kaminogawa, S. and Weiner, H.
(2003)
CD4+CD25- T cells that express latency-associated peptide on the surface suppress CD4+CD45RBhigh-induced colitis by a TGFβ-dependent mechanism.
J. Immunol.
170
,
2516 - 2522
.
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Notes:
Researchers used the TGFß1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System to measure the amount of TGFß1 in freshly prepared BALB/c spleen cells with or without acidification. The cells were incubated in serum-free medium prior to TGFß1 measurement.
(0002798) |
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Products: TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 7. |
Uraushihara, K., Kanai, T., Ko, K., Totsuka, T., Makita, S., Iiyama, R., Nakamura, T. and Watanabe, M.
(2003)
Regulation of murine inflammatory bowel disease by CD25+ and CD25- CD4+ glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor family-related gene+ regulatory T cells.
J. Immunol.
171
,
708-716
.
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Notes:
The TGFß1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System was used to assay the acidified supernatant of T cells isolated from BALB/c mice spleen cells. The cells were incubated in serum-free media and stimulated by several cytokines prior to measurement of TGFß1.
(0002804) |
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Products: TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 8. |
Ahmad, R., Sindhu, S.T., Toma, E., Morisset, R. and Ahmad, A.
(2003)
Elevated levels of circulating interleukin-18 in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals: Role of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and implications for AIDS pathogenesis.
J. Virol.
76
,
12448-12456
.
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Notes:
Serum was collected from HIV-1 infected patients and analyzed for total TGFß1 after acid treatment using the TGFß1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System.
(0002813) |
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Products: TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 9. |
Ying, W.Z. and Sanders, P.W.
(2003)
The inter-relationship between TGF-β1 and nitric oxide is altered in salt-sensitive hypertension.
Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.
285
,
F902–F908
.
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Notes:
Aortic ring segments and isolated glomeruli were prepared from 28-day-old male Dahl/Rapp salt-sensitive and Dahl/Rapp salt-resistant rats that had been fed a 8.0% NaCl diet. The tissue was then treated with PD-098059, SB-203580 or both MEK inhibitors and the medium assayed for total and active TGFß1 with the TGFß1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System.
(0002815) |
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Products: TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 10. |
Esplugues, E., Sancho, D., Vega-Ramos, J., Martinez, C., Syrbe, U., Hamann, A., Engel, P., Sanchez-Madrid, F. and Lauzurica, P.
(2003)
Enhanced antitumor immunity in mice deficient in CD69.
J. Exp. Med.
197
,
1093-1106
.
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Notes:
CD3+ T cells were isolated from single-cell suspensions of lymph nodes and spleen from C57BL/6 or BALB/c mice, and treated with either Anti-CD69 or control mouse IgG1 mAb. Supernatants were collected after 24, 48 and 72 hours, and secreted TGFß1 was assayed using the TGFß1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System.
(0002816) |
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Products: TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 11. |
Ying, W. and Sanders, P.
(2002)
Increased dietary salt activates rat aortic endothelium.
Hypertension
39
,
239-244
.
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Notes:
These authors used the TGFß1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System to study aortic ring segments from 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats that were fed a high-salt diet. Ring segments were incubated in serum-free medium with DMSO or in medium containing 098059 (a potent, specific cell-permeable inhibitor of MAPK kinase-1 (MEK1) activation), SB-203580 (a highly specific, cell-permeable p38 MAPK inhibitor), or both. After treatment, the medium was assayed for total and active TGFß1.
(0002797) |
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Products: TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 12. |
Krishna, G., Liu, K., Shigemitsu, H., Gao, M., Raffin, T.A., and Rosen, G.D.
(2001)
PG490-88, a derivative of triptolide, blocks bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis.
Am. J. Pathol.
158
,
997-1004
.
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Notes:
The antifibrotic properties of a water-soluble derivative of triptolide were characterized in a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis. This derivative was shown to inhibit fibrosis and reduce levels of transforming growth factor-beta protein in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. TGF β1 levels in the lavage fluid were quantitated using Promega's TGF β1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System.
(0002339) |
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Products: TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 13. |
Kojima, S., Hayashi, S., Shimokado, K., Suzuki, Y., Shimada, J., Crippa, M.P., and Friedman, S.L.
(2001)
Transcriptional activation of urokinase by the Kruppel-like factor Zf9/COPEB activates latent TGF-beta1 in vascular endothelial cells.
Blood
95
,
1309-16
.
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Notes:
A novel Kruppel-like factor is up-regulated in acute liver injury leading to increased endogenous urokinase plasminogen activator activity. In bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs), this also results in an increased bioactive transforming growth factor-beta via proteolytic activation of the latent molecule. Levels of TGF β1 and TGFβ2 were quantitated in conditioned BAEC culture medium using Promega's TGF β1 Emax ImmunoAssay System and TGFβ2 Emax ImmunoAssay System.
(0002341) |
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Products: TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System | TGFβ2 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 14. |
Chegini, N., Kotseos, K., Zhao, Y., Bennett, B., McLean, F.W., Diamond, M.P., Holmdahl, L., and Burns J.
(2001)
Differential expression of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta3 in serosal tissues of human intraperitoneal organs and peritoneal adhesions.
Hum. Reprod.
16
,
1291-1300
.
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Notes:
To determine whether differences in basal expression of TGF-beta in serosal tissue of peritoneal organs correlate with incidence of peritoneal adhesion formation, TGFβ1 levels were measured in serosal tissue of parietal peritoneum, uterus, oviduct, ovary, omentum, large and small bowels as well as adhesions, skin, fascia, subcutaneous tissue, peritoneal fluid and serum. TGFβ1 levels were quantitated using Promega's TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay.
(0002342) |
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Products: TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 15. |
Bourdeau, A., Faughnan, M.E., McDonald, M.L., Paterson, A.D., Wanless, I.R., and Letarte M.
(2001)
Potential role of modifier genes influencing transforming growth factor-beta1 levels in the development of vascular defects in endoglin heterozygous mice with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
Am. J. Pathol.
158
,
2011-2020
.
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Notes:
A mouse model of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia was developed. Plasma levels of latent transforming growth factor beta1 were significantly lower in these mice than in normal mice. TGFβ1 levels were determined using Promega's TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System.
(0002344) |
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Products: TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 16. |
Frippiat, C,. Chen, Q., Zdanov, S., Magalhaes, J.P., Remacle, J. and Toussaint, O.
(2001)
Subcytotoxic H2O2 stress triggers a release of transforming growth factor-1, which induces biomarkers of cellular senescence of human diploid fibroblasts.
J. Biol. Chem.
276
,
2531-2537
.
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Notes:
In this paper, the amount of active TGFß1 was determined using the TGFß1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System. Cells were exposed to H2O2 stress and compared to unexposed human diploid fibroblasts.
(0002799) |
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Products: TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 17. |
Nakamura, K., Kitani, A. and Strober, W.
(2001)
Cell contact–dependent immunosuppression by CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells is mediated by cell surface–bound transforming growth factor ß.
J. Exp. Med.
194
,
629-644
.
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Notes:
CD4+CD25+ and CD4+CD25- T-cells were isolated from 8-week-old female BALB/c mice, cultured and stimulated with cytokines. After 72 hours, the supernatant was acid treated and the total TGFß1 determined using the TGFß1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System.
(0002814) |
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Products: TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 18. |
Ahmed, Z., Gveric, D., Pryce, G., Baker, D., Leonard, J.P., Cuzner, M.L., and Diemel, L.T.
(2001)
Myelin/axonal pathology in interleukin-12 induced serial relapses of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the Lewis rat.
Am. J. Pathol.
158
,
2127-38
.
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Notes:
Levels of numerous cytokines and growth factors were determined in a Lewis rat model of multiple sclerosis. TGFβ1 levels in rat serum were determined using Promega's TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System.
(0002351) |
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Products: TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 19. |
Minter, R.M., Rectenwald, J.E., Fukuzuka, K., Tannahill, C.L., La Face, D., Tsai, V., Ahmed, I., Hutchins, E., Moyer, R., Copeland, E.M. 3rd, and Moldawer L.L.
(2000)
TNF-alpha receptor signaling and IL-10 gene therapy regulate the innate and humoral immune responses to recombinant adenovirus in the lung.
J. Immunol.
164
,
443-451
.
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Notes:
The role of TNF alpha and TNF receptor signaling in adenovirus clearance and immune responses in recombinant adenovirus-mediated gene therapy was analyzed. The concentrations of TGFß1 were significantly reduced in the animals receiving adenovirus expressing human IL-10. TGFβ1 levels in mouse lung homogenates and in serum were quantitated using the TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System.
(0002343) |
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Products: TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 20. |
Lane, P.H.
(2000)
5-thio-D-glucose elevates renal transforming growth factor beta-1 at a dose that does not prevent streptozocine diabetes in rats.
Endocrinology
141
,
3337-42
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Notes:
A rat model of early diabetic nephropathy was used to determine the effect of 5-thio-D-glucose on TGFβ1 levels in renal tissues. TGFβ1 proteins concentrations were determined using Promega's TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System.
(0002345) |
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Products: TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 21. |
Azar, S.T., Salti, I., Zantout, M.S., and Major S.
(2000)
Alterations in plasma transforming growth factor beta in normoalbuminuric type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
85
,
4680-4682
.
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Notes:
To determine whether transforming growth factor β levels were related to the incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, the authors measure TGFβ1 levels in diabetic patient serum using Promega's TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System. Venous blood was collected from patients and transferred to tubes on ice without anticoagulants. After the coagulation samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 min at 4°C. All sera were stored in a –70°C freezer. In both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, TGF levels significantly different in diabetic patients than age matched control groups.
(0002346) |
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Products: TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 22. |
Zatelli, M.C., Rossi, R., and degli Uberti, E.C.
(2000)
Androgen influences transforming growth factor-beta1 gene expression in human adrenocortical cells.
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.
85
,
847-852
.
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Notes:
The effects of dihydrotestosterone stimulation on TGFβ1 production by the androgen sensitive human adrenocortical cell line, NCI-H295 was determined. DHT upregulated TGFβ1 protein levels in conditioned media of NCI-H295; in turn TGFβ1 significantly reduced cell proliferation. Bioneutralization with the Anti-TGFβ1 pAb (0.2 µg/ml) blocked the inhibitory effect of TGFβ1 (10-9 to 10-6 mol/L) on NCI-H295 cell proliferation. Production and release of biologically active TGFβ1 by NCI-H295 cells was monitored by ELISA using the TGFβ1 Emax® Immunoassay System
(0002458) |
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Products: Anti-TGFβ1 pAb | TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 23. |
Rizzo, L.V., Morawetz, R.A., Miller Rivero, N.E., Choi, R., Wiggert, B., Chan, C.C., Morse, H.C., 3rd, Nussenblatt, R.B. and Caspi, R.R.
(1999)
IL-4 and IL-10 are both required for the induction of oral tolerance.
J. Immunol.
162
,
2613-2622
.
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Notes:
Authors use the TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System (TGFβ1 ELISA) to quantitate TGFβ1 in C57BL/6 mice.
(0000480) |
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Products: TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 24. |
Huang, S.S., Zhou, M., Johnson, F.E., Shieh, H.-S, Huang, J.S.
(1999)
An active site of transforming growth factor-β1 for growth inhibition and stimulation.
J. Biol. Chem.
274
,
27754-27758
.
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Notes:
The TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System was used to quantify purified, recombinant wildtype and mutant porcine TGFβ1.
(0001028) |
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Products: TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |
| 25. |
Fallon, P.G., and Dunne, D.W.
(1999)
Tolerization of mice to Schistosoma mansoni egg antigens causes elevated type 1 and diminished type 2 cytokine responses and increased mortality in acute infection.
J. Immunol.
162
,
4122-4132
.
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Notes:
The TGFβ1 EMAX® ImmunoAssay System was used to determine the amount of TGFβ1 secreted from granuloma cells isolated from mouse livers. (TGFβ1 ELISA)
(0001192) |
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Products: TGFβ1 Emax® ImmunoAssay System |