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Description
DNA analysis using short tandem repeats (STRs) has been the leading
technology in human identification for a number of years. Recently,
many labs have discovered the value of Y chromosome STRs (Y-STRs) for
typing specimens derived from males. These markers occur only in males
and are inherited through the paternal line. Y-STR markers can be useful
in the interpretation of male/female mixtures, as the female portion does
not contribute to the amplified profile. Y-STR markers are also useful for
paternity analysis and anthropological studies
Amplify 12 Y-STR loci in one reaction.
The PowerPlex ® Y System (Cat.# DC6760/ DC6761) allows for the co-amplification and
three-color detection of twelve loci in a single amplification (Figure 1, Panels A and B).
A one amplification system improves laboratory efficiency by reducing your storage needs,
sample handling, reagent consumption, set-up and analysis time and instrument usage.
Loci included in the system are DYS19, DYS385a/b, DYS389I/II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392,
DYS393, DYS437, DYS438 and DYS439. Fragment sizing is provided by Internal Lane Standard 600
(Cat.# DG2611).
The PowerPlex ® Y System includes the nine loci defined as the European minimal haplotype*
(www.ystr.org), endorsed by ISFG (International Society of Forensic Genetics), plus the two
loci added to this panel by SWGDAM (Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods).**
The PowerPlex 16 System is designed specifically for use with the Applied
Biosystems 3130 and 3130xl Genetic Analyzers, the ABI PRISM 3100 and 3100-Avant
Genetic Analyzers, and the ABI PRISM 310 Genetic Analyzer.
Matrix generation is performed using the PowerPlex Matrix Standards, 310
(DG4640) or PowerPlex Matrix Standards, 3100/3130 (DG4650).
Features
Superior specificity means you amplify only male DNA:- Each lot is performance tested to ensure no amplification with up to 100ng of female DNA (Figure
1, Panel C). Additional studies show no amplification with >100ng of female DNA. Studies performed
at Promega (Figure 1, Panel D) have shown that interpretable results can be obtained from
male DNA in the presence of >100-fold excess of female DNA. This makes
the PowerPlex® Y System a great choice for analysis of “heavy” mixture samples.
Short PCR products:- Amplification products are all less than 335 bases,
which increases the likelihood of obtaining a full profile from degraded samples.
Allelic Ladder Mix:- Wide span of alleles to allow typing of more rare alleles (Figure 2).
No locus overlap:- Primers have been designed so that alleles for each locus do not overlap with a
neighboring locus—reducing the likelihood of misinterpretation.
Maximum sensitivity with limited template quality:- The PowerPlex® Y System is optimized for use with
0.5 to 1ng of template DNA. However, each lot is performance tested to provide
reproducible results with 0.25ng of DNA. Additional studies show interpretable results
can be obtained with <0.25ng of DNA (Figure 1, Panel B).
PowerPlex® Y Haplotype Database:- The PowerPlex®
Y Haplotype Database is a searchable listing of 12-locus Y-STR haplotypes
generated during initial validation of the PowerPlex® Y System.
PowerTyper™ Y Macro:- The PowerTyper™ Macros Release 2.0, has been
designed to automatically label fragments generated from GeneScan®
data. The PowerTyper™ Macros can be downloaded from
Genetic Identity Downloads
or ordered on CD-ROM (Cat.# DG3470).
System Components
- » Gold ST*R 10X Buffer
- » PowerPlex® Y 10X Primer Pair Mix
- » 9948 Male DNA
- » 9947A DNA
- » Internal Lane Standard 600
- » PowerPlex® Y Allelic Ladder Mix
Related Information
- PowerPlex® Y System Validation
- Profiles in DNA Volume 6, No. 1 (Link will open a new window)
- Request the PowerPlex® Y Brochure - BR136
- Validation Studies:
Promega's developmental validation was completed in December 2003. Seven laboratories participated in an extensive casework validation study. Experiments included sensitivity, mixtures, specificity, variation in cycling and reaction conditions. In total 17 different experiments/ studies were performed using commercially-available material.
Reference: Benjamin E. Krenke, Lori Viculis, Melanie L. Richard, Mechthild Prinz, Scott C. Milne, Carll Ladd, Ann Marie Gross, Tanis Gornall, J. Roger H. Frappier, Arthur J. Eisenberg, Charles Barna, Xavier G. Aranda, Michael S. Adamowicz, Bruce Budowle. Validation of a male-specific, 12-locus fluorescent short tandem repeat (STR) multiplex, Forensic Sci. Int. ( Available online 13 September 2004)
A population study was completed in October 2003 by seven laboratories. Analyses included haplotype frequencies, mutation rates, genetic independence and concordance studies. Over 2400 samples were typed and 680 father/son pairs were analyzed. This study has been submitted for publication.
Reference: Bruce Budowle, Mike Adamowicz, Xavier Aranda, Charles Barna, Ranajit Chakraborty, Dan Cheswick, Bradley Dafoe, Arthur Eisenberg, Roger Frappier, Ann Marie Gross, Carll Ladd, Hee-Suk Lee, Scott C. Milne Carole Meyers, Mechthild Prinz, Melanie L. Richard, Gabriela Saldanha, Amy A. Tierney, Lori Viculis, Benjamin E. Krenke. Twelve short tandem repeat loci Y chromosome haplotypes: genetic analysis on populations residing in North America, (Submitted).
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